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EMT FF Class > Module 4 Exam > Flashcards

Module 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What condition will result in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive? This is seen in patients with chronic lung diseases.

A

Hypoxic Drive

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2
Q

At what level must oxygen be in in order for the Hypoxic Drive to kick in?

A

Chronically low levels of oxygen

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3
Q

When auscultating lung sounds, what is described as coarse, low-pitch breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways?

A

Rhonchi

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4
Q

What is described as an infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue?

A

Pneumonia

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5
Q

How should you intubate a semi-conscious patient that has been suspected of having a drug overdose?

A

BVM (Bag Valve Mask) through an NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway) adjunct.

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6
Q

What are some contraindications for CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)?

A
  • Hypotension (low blood-pressure)
  • Unconscious or Altered LOC (level of consciousness)
  • Pneumothorax
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7
Q

What should be constantly monitored while provided CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)?

A

Blood pressure, because it could drop while performing CPAP.

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8
Q

What is the result of having a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow?

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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9
Q

What type of surgery increases the risk of having a Pulmonary Embolus?

A

Recent surgery in the legs or pelvis.

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10
Q

How do you treat someone that is awake, breathing adequately, and is suffering from respiratory distress?

A

Place them on a nonrebreather flowing oxygen between 10 to 15 liters per minute.

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11
Q

What is the strongest muscle in the heart and why is it the strongest?

A

The left ventricle is the strongest muscle because it has to pump blood through the aorta to the rest of the body.

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12
Q

How does the rate of cardiac contractions be increased, or decreased?

A

Through the autonomic nervous system.

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13
Q

How do you estimate cardiac output?

A

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate X Stroke Volume. Cardiac Output is calculated by multiplying the heart rate by the volume of blood pumped and the heart rate by the volume of blood ejected with each contraction, or the stroke volume.

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14
Q

What happens when a blockage occurs in a coronary artery?

A

The condition results in an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).

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15
Q

What factors can place a person at higher risk for an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)?

A

Cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol level, elevated blood glucose level (diabetes), lack of exercise, and obesity.

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16
Q

What do these signs and symptoms suggest?

  • Sudden onset of weakness, nausea, and sweating without an obvious cause
  • Chest pain, discomfort, or pressure that is often crushing or squeezing and that does not change with each breath
  • Pain, discomfort, or pressure in the lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, or neck
  • Irregular heartbeat and syncope (fainting)
  • Shortness of breath, or dyspnea
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Pink, frothy sputum (indicating possible pulmonary edema)
  • Sudden death
A

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

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17
Q

What are a few major contraindications for nitroglycerine?

A
  • Systolic pressure below 100
  • Patient is taking erectile dysfunction medication
  • Doesn’t have to give oxygen
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18
Q

What are two side effects of nitroglycerine?

A
  • Lowers blood pressure

- Lowers pulse rate

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19
Q

What are the first 3 things you do when you are on a confirmed cardiac arrest call and bystanders have not started any treatment for?

A

1st – Start Chest Compressions
2nd – AED
3rd - ALS

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20
Q

What is a “Tonic-Clonic” seizure also known as?

A

Grand Mal Seizure

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21
Q

What type of seizure is someone having if they are exhibiting total body twitching?

A

Tonic-clonic seizure, also known as a Grand Mal Seizure.

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22
Q

What stage is the period following a seizure that lasts 5 to 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status and appears confused?

A

Postictal state

23
Q

What are two things that we need to closely monitor on seizure patients?

A

Airway, and Vitals.

24
Q

What are the three main steps when helping a patient suffering from a massive stroke?

A
  1. Start CPR
  2. AED
  3. Get ALS en route
25
Q

In regards to testing a patient according to the “Cincinnati Stroke Scale” what would occur in a negative test finding if we are testing arm position?

A

During the arm drift or arm weakness test, the patient is asked to hold arms out in front of them for 10 seconds while keeping their eyes closed. If the patient is able to hold arms symmetrically, regardless of strength or weakness exerted, this test is considered negative.

26
Q

Which is not a common cause of seizure?

A.      Epilepsy
B.       Tumor
C.       Head Trauma
D.      Hypotension/Hypertension
E.       High Fever
A

D. Hypotension/Hypertension

27
Q

When conducting a primary assessment of a patient that is conscious what is the first thing we need to check? What is the first thing we need to ask?

A
  • Does he/she have a patent airway? Is he/she breathing adequately?
  • When did your symptoms start?
28
Q

How should you position someone that is suffering from Pulmonary Edema?

A

In a seated position.

29
Q

Why does a patient that is “Hyperglycemic” need transport to a hospital while a patient that is “Hypoglycemic” does not?

A

Hyperglycemic patients need their blood glucose levels to be reduced. This is done through insulin and insulin is not carried on ambulances, but is stocked in the hospital. Patients that are hypoglycemic can be remedied through glucose tablets, or D50.

30
Q

How do you treat a patient that is experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath?

A

Treat the patient as if they are having a myocardial infarction.

31
Q

What precautions should you take when you are on scene and your patient is not “acting” right, is shouting, and has a bat?

A

Personal safety is my first priority. Make sure the scene is safe. If the scene is not safe retreat back to the apparatus, and have dispatch notify PD to go en route.

32
Q

What should you do as an EMT if your patient is a confused female, breathing rapidly, with shallow breaths?

A

Check her airway.

33
Q

You have a patient that is hyperglycemic with a blood sugar level of 480, your partner is assisting with bag valve mask ventilation, what does this patient need?

A

Your patient needs insulin, and that is only supplied at the hospital.

34
Q

You are on scene and your patient is “not feeling right”, has insulin on the table, and can’t tell what time of the day it is. What is the next thing you need to do as an EMT?

A

Call Medical Control. Medical Control can give you guidance as well as online orders regarding insulin. Medical Control may even tell you to load the patient and transport them. This is Medical Control’s decision to make.

35
Q

You have a patient that is unresponsive in a garden. What is the first thing you need to check?

A

You need to check their airway. ABC’s = airway, breathing, circulation.

36
Q

You are on scene with a patient that had an allergic reaction. After receiving treatment they start to feel better. What do you do next?

A

Monitor vitals, and transport.

37
Q

How does “Activated Charcoal” work to help patients that have suspected poison ingestion?

A

Activated Charcoal binds poison and prevents the body from absorbing it.

38
Q

What is the quickest route of poisoning?

A

Intravenously.

39
Q

What is your first priority when arriving on scene of a suspected overdose?

A

Scene safety, and situational awareness.

40
Q

What is your first priority in regards to patient (after BSI and scene safety) in a known opioid overdose?

A

First priority for the patient is assessing the airway of the patient.

41
Q

What are the signs of an opioid overdose?

A
  • hypoventilation, respiratory arrest
  • pinpoint pupils
  • sedation, or coma
  • hypotension
42
Q

For patient assessment in regards to a clear and patent airway, what comes first?

A

Suctioning

43
Q

What are the effects of cocaine on the body (vital signs)?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Dilated pupils
  • Agitation, or seizures
  • Hyperthermia
44
Q

You arrive on scene and the scene is not safe, and your patient is somewhere in the house. What should you do?

A

Get to a safe place, try to retreat to your vehicle, call in for law enforcement.

45
Q

You arrive on scene and your patient is suicidal, and injured. How should you approach your patient?

A

Introduce yourself in a nonthreatening manner, hands visible, on their level, make sure they know that you are there to help them and you are not law enforcement.

46
Q

Patient is unresponsive and not breathing. What is your first priority for the patient?

A

Check their airway. ABCs, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.

47
Q

How do you transport a patient in handcuffs?

A

The person with the handcuff key has to be transported with the patient

48
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?

A

More severe in men than women. symptoms appear 2-10 days after exposure, in women - painful urination, burning & itching, yellowish or bloody vaginal discharge, foul odor, bleeding associated with intercourse, may lead to PID (abdominal cramping, bleeding between periods, nausea vomiting). In the throat - painful difficulty swallowing, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, fever, sometimes nasal congestion and headaches

49
Q

What is the most likely reason a patient is passed out with evidence of lots of blood loss?

A

Hypovolemic shock.

50
Q

How do you deal with a female victim that does not want to talk?

A

Speak calm, get her to relax

51
Q

What are roofies?

A

sedative-hypnotic drugs. Rohypnol - often colorless, tasteless, odorless. Cause unwary person to become sedated or unconscious which may facilitate sexual assault or rape.

52
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)?

A

generalized lower abdominal pain, Abnormal or foul-smelling discharge, Pain during intercourse, Fever, general malaise, nausea and vomiting

53
Q

If a patient is intoxicated and unresponsive, what is your primary concern?

A

Making sure my patient does not aspirate.

EMT FF Class (71 decks)

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