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From Flashcardlet > Microanatomy: Epithelium > Flashcards

Microanatomy: Epithelium Flashcards

0
Q

Properties of epithelium

A
  • Comprised of closely-associated cells arranged to establish different environments
  • Little ECM
  • May be arranged in clusters to form endocrine or exocrine glands
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1
Q

Most primitive type of tissue

A

Epithelium

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2
Q

Essential functions of epithelium

A
  • Protection of underlying tissues
  • Transcellular transport of molecules
  • Secretion of mucus, hormones, enzymes, etc. from glads
  • Absorption of material
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3
Q

Essential characteristics of epithelium

A
  • Closely apposed cells adhere via junctions
  • Plasma membrane has domains
  • Attachment to a basement membrane
  • Avascular
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4
Q

How are epithelia classified?

A
  • According to number of cell layers between the basal lamina and the free surface and
  • Morphology of the upper layer cells
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5
Q

Simple epithelium (definition)

A

Has only a single layer of cells

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6
Q

Stratified epithelium (definition)

A
  • More than one layer of cells
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7
Q

Cell morphology is classified as

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
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8
Q

Simple squamous epithelium location

A
  • Lines the
    - interior of blood vessels
    - outer surface of many thoracic and abdominal organs
    - alveoli of lungs
    - Portions of nephron in kidney
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9
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (location)

A
  • Kidney tubules

- Ducts of many glands

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10
Q

Simple columnar epithelium (location)

A
  • Digestive tract
  • Respiratory tract
  • Oviduct
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11
Q

Two types of columnar epithelium

A
  • Cilia and microvilli
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12
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium (two categories)

A
  • Keratinized or non-keratinized
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13
Q

Location of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Lines the
    - Mouth
    - Esophagus
    - Vagina
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14
Q

Function of simple squamous epithelium

A

Permits exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases

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15
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Absorbs nutrients and produces mucus

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16
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects against abrasion, drying out, infection

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17
Q

Function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretes water and ions

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18
Q

Function of stratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus

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19
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium (location)

A

Ducts of sweat glands

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20
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium (location)

A
  • Male urethra

- Conjunctiva of the eye

21
Q

Two specialized types of epithelium

A
  • Transitional epithelium

- Pseudostratified epithelium

22
Q

Main types of epithelial tissues

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Stratified cuboidal epithelium
  • Stratified columnar epithelium
23
Q

Location of transitional epithelium

A
  • Lines the

- Urinary system from the renal calyx to the urethra

24
Q

What type of epithelium is transitional epithelium?

A

Stratified epithelium

25
Q

Location of pseudostratified epithelium

A
  • Respiratory epithelium of the trachea
26
Q

Apical domain

A

Faces the lumen or free surface

27
Q

Basolateral domain

A
  • Includes portion of the plasma membrane in contact with the basement membrane
28
Q

Tight junction

A

Separate apical and basolateral domains

29
Q

Function of apical domain

A
  • Contains transport proteins and channels for movement of ions, water, and proteins across the plasma membrane
  • Site for release of secretory granules
30
Q

Surface specializations found on apical domain are

A
  • Microvilli

- Cilia

31
Q

Function of microvilli

A
  • Greatly increase the surface area of apical membrane
32
Q

Function of cilia

A
  • Aid movement of substances in the lumen
  • Move mucus toward the mouth in the respiratory tract
  • Move the oocyte towards the uterus in the oviduct
33
Q

Basolateral domain (characteristics)

A
  • Has receptors and ion channels
34
Q

Types off cell-cell adhesions

A
  • Tight junctions
  • Intermediate junctions
  • Desmosomes
  • Gap junctions
35
Q

Function of tight junctions

A
  • Restrict mobility of transmembrane proteins between the apical and basolateral domains
  • Prevent movement of small molecules between cells
36
Q

Intermediate junctions (characteristics)

A
  • Lie below tight junction
  • Form a continuous belt around the cell
  • Are anchored by proteins attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane, reinforced by actin microfilaments
37
Q

Desmosomes (function)

A
  • Reinforce connections between cells, particularly at sites of stress
38
Q

Gap junctions (function)

A
  • Connections between cells that are specialized for communication
  • Facilitate transfer of ions and other small molecules between cells
39
Q

Gap junctions are formed by

A
  • Connexons, transmembrane protein aggregates made of six protein connexins
40
Q

Function of connexons

A
  • Coordinate activity between cells, particularly electrical coupling
41
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A
  • Are focal points of attachment
  • Inside the cell: Are anchored to intermediate filaments
  • On external side: attaches to laminin and collagen in basement membrane
  • Helps form connections between epithelial cell and basement membrane
42
Q

What produces the basement membrane?

A
  • Is produced by epithelium and underlying connective tissue
43
Q

Basement membrane consists of

A
  • Lamin
  • Type 4 collagen
  • Fibronectin
  • Heparin sulfate proteoglycan
44
Q

Exocrine gland (function)

A

Release products into a duct for secretion into a lumen or onto the body surface

45
Q

Endocrine glands (functions)

A

Ductless glands that release products into the extracellular fluid for transport into the blood stream

46
Q

Merocrine secretion

A
  • Is by exocytosis after plasma membrane fusion
47
Q

Apocrine secretion

A
  • Occurs when the secretory vesicle is released along with parts of the cytoplasm
48
Q

Holocrine secretion

A
  • Involves release of entire cellular contents
49
Q

Two mechanisms for cellular replacement and locations

A
  • Continued mitosis of all cells (liver cells, endothelial cells)
  • Mitosis of stem cells (intestines, epithelium, blood)

From Flashcardlet (110 decks)

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