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From Flashcardlet > Microanatomy: Connective Tissue I > Flashcards

Microanatomy: Connective Tissue I Flashcards

0
Q

Consistency of connective tissue

A

Heterogenous spectrum: watery consistency to bony rigidity

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1
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A
  • Provides structural support
  • Binds together cells, organs, and other tissues
  • Houses tissue stem cells used for body repair
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2
Q

Cells of connective tissue originate from

A

Embryonic mesenchyme (mesodermal origin)

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3
Q

Cells found in connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Chloroblasts
  • Osteoblasts
  • Macrophages
  • Plasma cells
  • Mast cells
  • White blood cells
  • Adipocytes
  • Mesenchymal stem cells
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4
Q

Role of fibroblasts in connective tissue

A
  • Secrete matrix

- Synthesize and secrete fibers and ground substance of ECM

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5
Q

Role of Chondroblasts in connective tissue

A

Produce cartilage

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6
Q

Role of osteoblasts in connective tissue

A

Produce bone

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7
Q

Role of macrophages in connective tissue

A

Perform phagocytosis

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8
Q

Role of plasma cells in connective tissue

A

Secrete antibodies

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9
Q

Role of mast cells in connective tissue

A

Produce histamine

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10
Q

Role of white blood cells in connective tissue

A

Migrate from blood in response to infections

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11
Q

Role of adipocytes in connective tissue -

A
  • Store fat
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12
Q

Role of mesenchymal stem cells in connective tissue

A
  • Support and repair
  • Self-replicating
  • Multipotent
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13
Q

ECM of connective tissue consists of

A
  • Ground substance

- Fibers

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14
Q

Function of ground substance in ECM

A
  • Binds cells together

- Medium of exchange of materials (Provides nutrient supply and mechanical support)

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15
Q

Ground substance of connective tissue ECM consists of

A
  • Proteoglycans
  • Polysaccharides
  • Water
  • Electrolytes
  • Dissolved gasses
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16
Q

Function of fibers in ECM

A
  • Strength and support

- Resistance to deformation and stretching

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17
Q

3 Types of fibers found in ECM

A
  • Collagen fibers
  • Elastic fibers
  • Reticular fibers
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18
Q

Types of connective tissue

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Dense connective tissue
    - Dense irregular CT
    - Dense regular CT
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19
Q

Characteristics of loose connective tissue

A
  • Widely distributed
  • Fewer fibers
  • More cells
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20
Q

ECM of loose connective tissue

A
  • Non-fibrous
  • No obvious organization
  • Abundant moderately viscous gound substance
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21
Q

Fiber types found in ECM of loose connective tissue

A
  • Type 1 Collagen Fibers
  • Elastic Fibers
  • Reticular fibers
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22
Q

Adipose cells arise from

A

Mesenchymal cells with a lipoblast as an intermediate

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23
Q

Order of fibers in ECM in decreasing thickness

A

1) Collagen (thickest)
2) Elastic
3) Reticular

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24
Q

Type I Collagen Fiber

A
  • Most common
  • Synthesized by fibroblasts
  • High tensile strength
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25
Q

Location of Type 1 Collagen fibers

A
  • Bones
  • Ligaments
  • Tendon
  • Fasciae
  • Join Capsules
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26
Q

Location of Type 2 collagen fibers

A
  • Cartilage

- Viterous of eye

27
Q

Synthesis of collagen fibers

A

1) Intracellular events: protein synthesis and exocytosis
2) Extracellular events:
- Procollagen –> Tropocollagen –> Fibril –> Fibers –> Fiber bundles

28
Q

Type III collagen fibers found in

A
  • Mesh or reticular framework in:
    - Glands
    - Skin
    - Large blood vessels
29
Q

Type IV collagen fibers (structure)

A
  • No banding
30
Q

Type IV Collagen Fibers located in

A

Basal laminae

31
Q

Structure of elastic fibers

A

Small, branched

32
Q

Composition of elastic fibers

A
  • Elastin

- Fibrillin

33
Q

Properties of elastic fibers

A
  • Allows strength

- Returns to original shape after being stretched

34
Q

Location of Elastic Fibers

A
  • Dermis
  • Mesenteries
  • Lungs
  • Elastic cartilage
  • Large blood vessels
35
Q

Reticular fibers are formed from

A

Type III Collagen

36
Q

Function of reticular fibers

A
  • Provides support and strength in soft tissues

- Form part of basement membrane

37
Q

___ have high carbohydrate content

A

Reticular fibers

38
Q

Reticular fibers provide strength and support to

A
  • Embryonic CT
  • Fat
  • Smooth muscle cells
  • Liver
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
39
Q

Loose connective tissue vs dense connective tissue is determined by

A
  • Cell density (number of cells/unit volume)
  • Ratio of cells to fibers
  • Arrangement of fibers
40
Q

Location of loose connective tissue

A
  • Around vessels and nerves
  • Under epithelia
  • Spaces between other tissues
  • Subcutaneous layer of the skin
41
Q

Functions of loose connective tissue

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Transport
42
Q

Examples of loose connective tissue

A
  • Blood

- Fat

43
Q

Cells of adipose tissues

A

Adipocytes

44
Q

Adipocytes are derived from

A

Fibroblasts

45
Q

Cells of adipose tissue (function)

A

Store triglycerides

46
Q

ECM of adipose tissue

A
  • Small amount of ground substance

- Reticular fibers (type III collagen)

47
Q

Two types of adipose tissue

A
  • Unilocular (white fat)

- Multilocular (brown)

48
Q

Unilocular adipose tissue (white fat) properties

A
  • Large adipocytes
  • Rich blood supply
  • Innervated by autonomic nervous system
49
Q

Predominant fat in human adults

A

Unilocular adipose tissue (white fat)

50
Q

Function of unilocular adipose tissue (white fat)

A
  • Energy storage
  • Insulation (reduce heat loss)
  • Cushioning
51
Q

Properties of multilocular adipose tissue (brown fat)

A
  • Small adipocytes
  • Richer capillaries than white fat
  • Autonomic nerve fibers
52
Q

Function of multilocular adipose tissue (brown fat)

A

Generates heat rather than ATP

53
Q

Fat found in newborns and infants

A

Multilocular adipose tissue (brown fat)

54
Q

Location of multilocular adipose tissue (brown fat) in adults

A
  • Adrenal glands
  • Kidneys
  • Aorta
55
Q

Loose connective tissue repairs itself well because of

A
  • Its vascularity

- Cell types in it

56
Q

Cells of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Few fibroblasts

57
Q

ECM of irregular dense connective tissue

A

Randomly arranged collagen fibers

58
Q

Function of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Protection of fragile organs

59
Q

Location of dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • Found where forces are exerted in various directions
  • Dermis
  • Organ capsules
  • Heart valves
  • Perichondrium
  • Periosteum
60
Q

Cells of dense regular connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

61
Q

ECM of dense regular connective tissue

A
  • Regularly arranged Type 1 collagen fiber bundles

- Sparse ground substance

62
Q

Functions of dense regular connective tissue

A

Transmission of mechanical forces

63
Q

Location of dense regular connective tissue

A
  • Tendons

- Ligaments

64
Q

Types of dense regular connective tissue

A
  • Cartilage

- Bone

65
Q

Repair in dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue vs. loose connective tissue

A

Repair in dense regular CT is slower than LCT

From Flashcardlet (110 decks)

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