Pathology: Inflammation and Healing

Question 1

Hallmark of acute inflammation

Answer 1

Escape into tissue of protein-and-electrolyte-rich exudate

Question 2

Which step in acute inflammation does not always take place

Answer 2

Transient vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 3

First invariable major event of inflammation

Answer 3

Vasodilation

Question 4

Vasodilation causes

Answer 4

Hyeremia (increased blood flow)

Question 5

Exudate from venules and capillaries causes

Answer 5

Edema (presence of abnormal amounts of extracellular fluid)

Question 6

Increased vascular permeability results in

Answer 6

Hemoconcentration (local increase in concentration of cells in blood

Question 7

Margination

Answer 7

Process whereby leukocytes roll along vessel walls

Question 8

Pavementing

Answer 8

Process whereby endothelial cells at site of inflammation express adhesion factors that lead to adherence and flattening of leukocytes

Question 9

Diapedesis

Answer 9

The pathway by which neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes reach tissues

Question 10

Cehmotaxis

Answer 10

Process whereby leukocytes in extravascular space migrate to site of injury

Question 11

Function of TNF and IL-1 at site of injury

Answer 11

Trigger transient expression of adhesion-related glycoproteins that bind to sialylated Lewis X expressed on surface of circulating WBC

Question 12

Opsonization

Answer 12

Process by which microorganisms are coated by IgG or C3 to be recognized for phagocytosis

Question 13

Function of PAF (platelet activating factor)

Answer 13

High concentrations: vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction

Low concentrations: Induces vascular permeability and vasodilation

Plays a role in leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis

Question 14

Function of C5a and C3a (Complement system)

Answer 14

Causes release of histamine from mast cells, basophils, and platelets

Question 15

Cells of chronic infection are predominantly

Answer 15

Mononuclear

Question 16

Primary union

Answer 16

Takes place in clean wound with minimum difference between edges

Question 17

Secondary union

Answer 17

Occurs when wound edges are separated by large tissue defect and where there is extensive loss of tissue