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G-IVE COCCI Flashcards

1
Q

neisseria is consists of ___ species

A

kingella
eikenella
simonsiella
alysiella

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2
Q

moraxellaceae family includes

A

moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

Obligate anaerobe, non-motile and non-haemolytic
Fastidious, capnophilic and grow optimally in a moist temperature
Carbohydrate fermenters
Sensitive to heat and drying

A

neisseria

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4
Q

neisseria grows best in media with

A

blood and cholesterol

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5
Q

nesseria with non-pigmented colonies

A

N. flava, N. flavescens, and N. subflava

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6
Q

neisseria shape

A

G-ve diplocci (coffee or kidney bean shaped)

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7
Q

rod shaped neisseria

A

N. elongate, N. bacilliformis and N. weaver

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8
Q

neisseria culture the colonies appear,

A

small, grayish-white, opaque, convex and glistening.

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9
Q

neisseria human pathogens

A

N. gonorrhoea and N. meningitidis

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10
Q

most important factor in the lab.diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Specimen collection and handling

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11
Q

swabs (neisseria) should be placed in a transport media of ______ and ____ within __ hours

A

amies medium with charcoal and plate within 6 hours

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12
Q

N. gonorrhoea will not be recovered in blood culture because of

A

sodium polyanethole sulfonate.

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13
Q

general biochemical tests for neisseria

A

carbon utilization test
oxidase test
superoxol test
dnase test

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14
Q
  • standard method of identifying N. gonorrhoea
  • Detects acid reduction from glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose and sucrose
A

carbohydrate utilization test

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15
Q

carbohydrate utilization test reagent

A

Cystine trypticase agar (CTA) with 1% carbohydrate

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16
Q

carbohydrate utilization pH indicator

A

phenol red

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17
Q

carbohydrate utilization test positive result

A

yellow color within 24 to 72 hours incubation

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18
Q

reagent in oxidase test

A

1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride

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19
Q

oxidase test (+) result

A

purple color within 10 seconds

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20
Q

reagent in superoxol test

A

20% to 30% H202 (hydrogen peroxide)

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21
Q

(+) result in oxidase test

A

vigorous bubbling

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22
Q

dnase test culture medium

A

Culture medium is Dnase agar with methyl green

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23
Q

dnase test (+) result

A

clear halo around the colonies after 18 to 24 hours incubation

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24
Q

in dnase test, M. catarhhalis and Neisseria gives opposite reaction where

A

Moraxella catarrhalis secretes Dnase which signifies positive reaction while Neisseria gives a negative reaction

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25
Q

Not a human microbiota but only humans are the only known host.
Leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases
Can be transmitted by an infected mother to a newborn during birth
Glucose fermenters

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea (Gonococcus)

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26
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea (Gonococcus) is found in

A

Found in the urogenital tract, anorectal area, oropharynx and conjunctiva

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27
Q

principal virulence factor of N. gonorrhoea is

A

Principal virulence factor is the common pili

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28
Q

N. gonorrhoea culture

A

CAP – colonies appear small, tan-colored, translucent, and raised.

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29
Q

related infections and disease to n. gonorrhoea

A

Gonorrhea
Purulent urethritis (males) and cervicitis (females)
Pharyngitis
Anorectal Infections (rectal gonorrhoea)
Conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum)
Purulent arthritis

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30
Q
  • greek words gonos, wich means “seed” and rhoia, which means flux
    -acute pyogenic infection of non-ciliated, columnar, and transitional epithelium
A

Gonorrhea

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31
Q

gonorrhea maybe asymptomatic among females but if with symptoms it may include..

A

Symptoms may include purulent discharge, lower abdominal pain for men, and vaginal bleeding for woman.

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32
Q

gonorrhea maybe asymptomatic among females but if with symptoms it may include..

A

Symptoms may include purulent discharge, lower abdominal pain for men, and vaginal bleeding for woman.

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33
Q

Untreated gonococcal cervicitis may cause

A

sterility and perihepatitis (Fitz- Hugh-Curtis syndrome)

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34
Q

the chief complaint in symptomatic oropharyngeal infections

A

pharyngitis

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35
Q

causes rectal pain and a bloody stool.

A

Anorectal infections (rectal gonorrhoea)

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36
Q

a gonococcal eye infection acquired by newborns during normal delivery through an infected birth canal

A

conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum)

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37
Q

n. gonorrhoea specimens are collected from the pus secretions from Pus secretions

A

Pus secretions from the urethra, cervix, prostate, rectal mucosa, throat, and joint fluid

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38
Q

Laboratory diagnosis

A
  1. Gram Stain
  2. Culture (for confirmation)
  3. Immunologic test
  4. Molecular assays
  5. Antimicrobial susceptibilty test
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39
Q

in gram stain, neisseria is intracellular Gram-negative diplococci, coffee-or kidney bean-shaped and smears should be prepared from

A

urogenital specimens not from pharyngeal specimens

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40
Q

Direct inoculation at the bedside is optimal and N.gonorrhoea does not grow on ___

A

blood agar plate (BAP)

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41
Q

N. gonorrhoea and N. meningitidis require immediate incubation after plating at ____ degree cent.for ___ hours at ___ incubator or ____ and ____ system.

A

35 to 37; 72; CO2; candle jar and JEMBEC

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42
Q

Chocolate agar with an enrichment supplement IsoVitaleX and antibiotics

Antimicrobial agents are vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin

N.meningitidis, N. lactamica, and N. flavescens

A

TMA

43
Q

It has all TMA components and trimethoprim lactate

A

MTMA

44
Q
  • It contains all MTM agar components except nystatin which is substituted by anisomycin
  • It has an increased vancomycin concentration
A

ML Medium

45
Q
  • It is a transparent medium with lysed horse blood and yeast dialysate
  • It contains all MTM components and amphotericin B
  • It can also grow genital mycoplasma ( Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum)
A

NYC medium

46
Q

It contains the same NYC antibiotics and lincomycin

A

GC - LECT Medium

47
Q

transport media

A

Transgrow, Cary Blair, Amies and JEMBEC (John E Martin Biological Environmental Chamber) system.

48
Q
  • It employs monoclonal antibodies for bacterial identification
  • It does not require pure or viable organisms and can be performed on primary plates
A

immunologic test

49
Q
  • this test is highly specific and sensitive
    -Uses monoclonal antibodies that recognize epitopes on the principal outer membrane protein of N. gonorrhoea
A

Fluorescent antibody test (FAT)

50
Q
  • Uses monoclonal antibodies to identify the gonococci
    (+) result : Exhibits agglutination
A

Coagglutination

51
Q

detects gonococcal antigen or nucleic acid directly in specimens
- Has the capability to detect Chlamydia trachomatis.

A

Nucleic acid amplification test

52
Q

specimens of Nucleic acid amplification test

A

Specimens: endocervical or urethral swabs and urine

53
Q

rapid test for directly detecting gonococcal rRNA in genital and conjunctival specimens and which provides results within hours.

A

Chemiluminescent nucleic acid probe

54
Q

Chemiluminescent nucleic acid probe specimen

A

Endocervical or urethral swabs

55
Q

Chemiluminescent nucleic acid probe is not recommended for ____ specimens

A

Not recommended for pharyngeal or rectal specimens

56
Q

preffered medium in Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST)

A

GC agar

57
Q

preferred method in .Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST)

A

Disk diffusion or agar dilution

58
Q

alternative method for Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST)

A

E-test

59
Q

Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) utilizes antibiotics such as

A

extended-spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones

60
Q
  • Causative agent of meningococcemia or spotted fever
  • Leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis
  • Commensal of the URT
  • Glucose and maltose fermenter, requires iron for growth
  • β-lactamase test: Positive
A

Neisseria meningitidis ( Meningococci)

61
Q

Neisseria meningitidis ( Meningococci) is found in

A

nasopharynx and oropharynx

62
Q

Neisseria meningitidis ( Meningococci) culture

A

Encapsulated strains are mucoid in appearance. Colonies appear bluish gray on BAP.
small, tan, and mucoid on CAP

63
Q

Neisseria meningitidis ( Meningococci) serogroups

A

A, B, C, Y, and W-135

64
Q

Neisseria meningitidis ( Meningococci) virulence factors

A

Pili, polysaccharide capsules, cellular membranes (pro A and B)

65
Q

related infection to n. meningitidis

A

meningococcemia

66
Q
  • It refers to the presence of N. meningitidis in the blood, occur in acute or chronic form
  • Occurs with or without meningitis
  • Source of epidemics are oral secretions and respiratory droplets
A

meningococcemia

67
Q

meningococcemia signs and symptoms

A

frontal headache, stiff neck, and fever.

68
Q

Petechial skin lesions may develop during bacteremic spread due to

A

release of endotoxin after a bacterial cell lysis

69
Q

meningococcemia drug of choice

A

penicillin

70
Q

specimens of N. meningitidis

A

CSF, blood, nasopharyngeal swabs, and petechial skin lesions

71
Q

laboratory diagnosis of N. meningitidis

A
  1. Gram Stain
  2. Culture
  3. Oxidase Test
  4. Antimicrobial Test
  5. Immunologic Test
  6. gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase test
72
Q

reveals Gram-negative intracellular and extracellular diplococci

A

gram stain (n.meningitidis)

73
Q

(n.meningitidis) culture media

A

Media are BAP, CAP and TMA

74
Q

nasopharyngeal swabs (n.meningitidis) should be placed in the

A

JEMBEC system

75
Q

N. meningitidis is sensitive to ____, so the content in blood culture broth should not exceed to ____

A

SPS ; 0.025%

76
Q

oxidase test of n.meningitidis positive result

A

purple color

77
Q

in antimicrobial test (n.meningitidis) the ff. are utilized:

A
  • broth microdilution or agar dilution MIC test with cation-supplemented MH broth
  • Laked horse blood or MHA with 5% sheep blood
  • Penicillin G as primary treatment
78
Q

direct identification of antigens in CSF, serum, and urine

A

Latex agglutination-

79
Q

accelerates antibody and antigen through a buffered diffusion medium

A

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

80
Q

N. meningitidis produces this enzyme

A

γ-glutamyl aminopeptidase test

81
Q

Non-pathogenic Neisseria Species

A
  1. Neisseria cinerea
  2. Neisseria flavescens
  3. Neisseria mucosa
  4. Neisseria lactamica
  5. Neisseria sicca
  6. Neisseria elongata
  7. Neisseria weaveri
82
Q
  • Colonies on CAP is similar to the T3 colonies of N. gonorrhoea
    -Colistin susceptibility test differentiates N. cinerea from N. gonorrhoea
  • Grows on MH but not on TMA
A

N. cinerea

83
Q
  • Asaccharolytic, yellow pigmented Neisseria species
  • Ability to grow on BAP and CAP at 22 degree centigrade
A

N. flavescens

84
Q

Usually isolated from nasopharynx of children or young adults
- Grow in NA incubated at 22 degree centigrade
- Colonies appear large and very mucoid

A

N. mucosa

85
Q

Isolated from meningococcal carrier surveys, commonly in children who are two years of age and rarely from adults

A

N. lactamica

86
Q
  • it will grow in NA incubated at 25 degree centigrade
  • Colonies appear like bread crumbs
A

N. sicca

87
Q
  • it is a “ rod-shaped” gram-negative coccus
  • weakly positive or negative catalase test
A

N. elongata

88
Q
  • it is a “ rod-shaped” gram-negative coccus
  • Positive catalase test but does not produce acid from any of the carbohydrates that are used to identify Neisseria species.
A

N. weaveri

89
Q
  • Most commonly isolated member of the genus Moraxella
  • Part of the microbiota of the oropharynx and is an opportunistic pathogen
  • Resembles Neisseria species by exhibiting Gram-negative coccal morphology
  • Non-motile, fastidious, β-lactamase producer and is encapsulated with common pili
  • Causes URT infections in otherwise healthy children and the elderly
  • Third most common cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children
A

Moraxella catarrhalis (Branhamella catarrhalis)

90
Q

under the microscope, Moraxella catarrhalis (Branhamella catarrhalis) is..

A

Small, gram-negative cocci that tends to grow in pairs and have a “ hockey puck” appearance

91
Q

M. catarrhalis lab. diagnosis

A
  1. Gram stain- presence of intracellular diplococci
  2. Culture : BAP and CAP
  3. Catalase and oxidase tests
  4. CHO utilization test
  5. DNase test
  6. Butyrate esterase/Tributyrin test
92
Q

M. catarrhalis in gram staining

A

presence of intracellular diplococci

93
Q

m. catarrhalis culture

A

BAP AND CAP

94
Q

m. catarrhalis growth on BAP at ___ degree centigrade

A

22

95
Q

m. catarrhalis growth on nutrient agar at __ degree centigrade

A

35

96
Q

m. catarrhalis inhibit in a ___ medium by ___

A

gonococcal medium ; colistin

97
Q

m. catarrhalis is catalase and oxidase test ___

A

positive

98
Q

M. catarrhalis does not utilize any sugar in ____

A

CTA

99
Q

CHO utilization test of M. catarrhalis (-) result

A

No fermentation of sugar

100
Q

definitive test for M. catarrhalis

A

Dnase test and butyrate esterase/tributyrin test

101
Q

M. catarrhalis dnase test (+) result

A

Exhibits a clear or colorless halo around the colonies after 24 hours incubation.

102
Q

substrade in butyrate esterase/tributyrin test (m. catarrhalis)

A

Substrate is a bromo-chloro-indolyl butyrate

103
Q

m. catarrhalis Butyrate esterase/Tributyrin test (+) result

A

blue color

mt (54 decks)

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