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NON-ENTERIC GI PATHOGENS Flashcards

1
Q

Not a human microbiota, facultatively anaerobic and monotrichous organisms.

Found in brackish water, marine water, or salt water

A

Vibrio (Comma-shaped or Curved bacillus)

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2
Q

Vibrio (Comma-shaped or Curved bacillus) can be isolated from

A

algae, plankton, fish, and shellfish

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3
Q

vibrio are Halophilic organisms except for

A

V. cholera and V. mimicus

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4
Q

vibrio mode of acquisition

A

Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood

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5
Q

vibrio diseases and infections

A

Cholera, wound infection, septicaemia, and necrotizing faciitis

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6
Q

vibrio common isolates

A

V. cholerae O1 and non-O1, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus

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7
Q

vibrio microscopy

A

Gram-negative, short, curved, asporogenous rods.

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8
Q

Gram-negative, short, curved bacilli (comma-shaped bacilli)
Facultative anaerobe
With monotrichous flagella

A

Vibrio

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9
Q

vibrio is catalase, oxidase and string test (_)

A

positive

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10
Q

vibrio grows on alkaline media such as

A

TCBS - Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar

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11
Q

vibrio are ___ fermenters

A

Glucose

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12
Q

Causative agent of cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

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13
Q

Vibrio cholerae on TCBS

A

yellow colonies (sucrose fermenters)

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14
Q

Vibrio cholerae are non-halophilic (T or F)

A

True

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15
Q

common cause of cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae 01

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16
Q

an acute diarrheal infection that is mainly spread through contaminated water sources.

A

cholera

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17
Q

Vibrio cholerae virulence factor

A

choleragen

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18
Q

hallmark of cholera

A

Rice-watery stool (10-30 times of defecation per day)

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19
Q

protein toxin produced mainly by V. cholerae O1 strain

A

choleragen

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20
Q

responsible for the pandemic spread in v. cholerae

A

Somatic O1 & O139

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21
Q

3 major subgroups of V. cholerae (H & O antigen)

A
  1. V. cholerae O1
  2. V. cholerae O139
  3. V. cholerae non O1/non O139
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22
Q

V. cholerae O1 serotypes:

A
  1. Hikojima
  2. Ogawa
  3. Inaba
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23
Q

V. cholerae O1(pandemic type) Biotypes :

A
  1. Classical
  2. El Tor
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24
Q

in Polymyxin Susceptibility, classical is ___ and el tor is ____

A

classical = susceptible and el tor = resistant

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25
Q

in Lysis of bacteriphage, classical is ___ and el tor is ___

A

classical = negative and el tor = positive

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26
Q

in Chicken RBC agglutination classical is. ___ and el tor is ____

A

classical = negative and el tor = positive

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27
Q

in Hemolysis of sheep RBC, classical is ____ and el tor is ____

A

classical = negative and el tor = positive

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28
Q

in Vogues Proskauer, classical is ____ and el tor is ____

A

classical = negative and el tor = positive

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29
Q

Second most common Vibrio species that is associated with gastroenteritis

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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30
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the etiologic agent of the outbreak of ____ in Japan in 1950

A

“summer diarrhea”

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31
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus selective medium

A

Wagatsuma agar ( high salt mannitol medium)

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32
Q

“Kanagawa phenomenon”

A

B-hemolysis

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33
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus in TCBS

A

green colonies (non-sucrose fermenters)

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34
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus are halophilic (T or F)

A

TRue

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35
Q

Known as the “ lactose-positive” Vibrio species

Second to V. cholerae as the cause of a severe Vibrio-associated infections.

A

Vibrio vulnificus

36
Q

Vibrio vulnificus infections

A

Septicemia and wound infection

37
Q

Vibrio vulnificus in TCBS

A

green colonies (non-sucrose fermenter)

38
Q

Vibrio vulnificus is halophilic (T or F)

A

True

39
Q

Vibrio species that is commonly isolated and is considered as the least pathogenic to humans

A

Vibrio alginolyticus

40
Q

Vibrio alginolyticus is a Strict halophile that requires a medium with ______

A

1% to 10% NaCl.

41
Q

Vibrio alginolyticus infection

A

Eye, ear and wound infections.

42
Q

Vibrio lab diagnosis

A
  1. Gram stain
  2. Culture
  3. String test
  4. Vibriostatic test
  5. Biochemical test
43
Q

Vibrio in culture, the media is

A

Alkaline peptone water, thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts sucrose agar, MAC and BAP

44
Q

in vibrio, the transport medium is

A

cary-balir medium

45
Q

Enrichment media for V.cholerae:

A

Alkaline peptone water (pH 8.5)

46
Q

Species are found in fresh, estuarine, and chlorinated water

Not part of human microbiota and glucose fermenters

Motile withsingle polar flagellum and facultatively anaerobic

May cause traveller’s diarrhea similar to ETEC
Causative agent of “red leg” disease in amphibians

A

Aeromonas

47
Q

Aeromonas human infections

A

Septicemia, meningitis, keratitis, and wound infection

48
Q

Aeromonas biochemical test

A

(+) oxidase and catalase

49
Q

Most recognized cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

Campylobacter

50
Q

Campylobacter is motile by ____ and secretes

A

Motile by a single polar flagellum and secretes oxidase

51
Q

Also an animal pathogen that causes sterility and abortion

A

campylobacter

52
Q

campylobacter species

A

C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. fetus, C. sputorum and C. fetus

53
Q

enteric campylobacter

A

C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari

54
Q

campylobacter mode of acquisition

A

Ingestion of poultry and dairy products and sexual transmission

55
Q

Slow-growing, fastidious and asaccharolytic organism

Has darting motility and is unable to grow with high salt concentration.

Most common cause bacterial gastroenteritis

Causes septic arthritis among AIDS patients

A

Campylobacter jejuni

56
Q

Campylobacter jejuni optimum temp for growth

A

42 deg. cent

57
Q

Causes bacteremia and is rarely associated with gastrointestinal illness

A

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

58
Q

campylobacter specimen

A

Feces, rectal swab and blood

59
Q

campylobacter microscopy, the recommended counterstain is

A

carbolfuchsin

60
Q

campylobacter in hanging drop preparation

A

exhibits a darting motility

61
Q

campylobacter culture selective media

A

Campy-BAP, Butzler agar, Skirrow’s medium and charcoal cefoperazone desoxycholate agar (CCDA)

62
Q

campylobacter culture transport medium

A

Cary-Blair medium

63
Q

Found in GIT of mammals and birds

A

Helicobacter

64
Q

Helicobacter is motile by ____ or ___ flagella

A

monopolar or multi-bipolar flagella

65
Q

Helicobacter microscopy

A

Gram-negative, helical (S- shaped) rods that resemble campylobacter

66
Q

Helicobacter routes of transmission

A

Oral-oral route and fecal-oral route

67
Q

Helicobacter species

A

H.pylori, H. cinaedi, H. fenneliae and H. rappini

68
Q

Major cause of type B gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma

A

Helicobacter pylori

69
Q

Helicobacter pylori is found in the

A

Found in the mucous layer of the antrum and fundus of the stomach but does not penetrate the gastric epithelium

70
Q

Helicobacter pylori binds with

A

Binds with the Lewis antigen and the monosaccharide sialic acid.

71
Q

Helicobacter pylori primary habitat

A

Human gastric mucosa

72
Q

Helicobacter pylori route of transmission

A

Oral-oral route and fecal-oral route

73
Q

These species have been isolated from the blood of patients with bacteremia and recovered from blood of homosexual males with or without HIV

A

Helicobacter cinaedi & Helicobacter fenneliae

74
Q

Helicobacter lab diagnosis; specimen

A

Gastric biopsy tissue, urine, feces and dental plaque

75
Q

____ is the best specimen for the culture of H. pylori

A

Gastric tissue

76
Q

in helicobacter lab diagnosis, Tissue should be maintained at _____ and processed within ____ of collection

A

4 deg.cent ; 2 hours

77
Q

_____ specimen is utilized for ammonia testing

A

Urine

78
Q

helicobacter gram stain; _____ counterstain enhances morphology

A

0.1% basic fuchsin

79
Q

Stains for biopsy specimen (helicobacter)

A

Warthin- Starry stain or Giemsa

80
Q

helicobacter culture media

A

BAP, MTM, Skirrow’s agar, and brucella agar with 5% sheep’s blood

81
Q

helicobacter transport media

A

Stuart medium, cysteine brucella broth with 205 glycerol and isotonic saline with 4% glucose

82
Q

Helicobacters may require more than _____ days of incubation in a _____ environment.

A

five ; capnophilic

83
Q

sensitive method of detecting H. pylori

A

Nucleic amplification ( Polymerase chain reaction)

84
Q

susceptibility test in helicobacter

A

Agar dilution using MHA with 5% sheep’s blood incubated at microaerophilic condition and read after 3 days.

85
Q

Helicobacter specie that is susceptible to metronidazole

A

H. Pylori

mt (54 decks)

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