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histopath - staining Flashcards

1
Q

Is the application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of the structural components to be demonstrated.

A

counter staining

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2
Q

Entails the used of specific dyes which differentiate particular substances by staining them with a color that is different from that of the stain itself.

A

Metachromatic Staining

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3
Q

With this technique the tissue is first over stained to obliterate the cellular details and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue, until the desired color is obtained.

A

Regressive Staining

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4
Q

Is the process whereby tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence and the staining solution is applied for specific periods of time or until the desired intensity of coloring of the different tissue elements is attained.

A

Progressive Staining

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5
Q

Is the selective removal of excess stain from the tissue during regressive staining in order that a specific substance may be stained distinctly from the surrounding tissues.

A

Decolorization

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6
Q

The process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions.

A

Direct Staining

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7
Q

The process where the action of dye is intensified by adding another agent or mordant which serve as a link or bridge between the tissue and the dye, to make staining reaction possible.

A

Indirect Staining

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8
Q

Selective staining of living cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle.

A

Vital Staining

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9
Q

________ staining of living cells is done by injecting the dye into any part of the animal body, producing specific coloration of certain cells, particularly those of the reticulo-endothelial system.

A

Intravital Staining

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10
Q

Is used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body.

A

Supravital Staining

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11
Q

are those obtained from plants and animals, previously utilized for dyeing of wool and cotton.

A

Natural Dyes

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12
Q

Natural Dyes examples

A

Hematoxylin, Cochineal dyes and its derivatives, Orcein, Saffron

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13
Q

Hematoxylin, derived by extraction from the core of the heartwood of a Mexican tree known __________

A

Hematoxylin Campechianum

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14
Q

Hematoxylin active coloring agent is ________, formed by the oxidation of __________.

A

hematin ; hematoxylin

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15
Q

hematoxylin strong oxidizing agents

A

Hydrogen peroxide, Mercuric oxide, Potassium permanganate, Na perborate, Na iodate

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16
Q

Extracted from the female cochineal bug (Coccus Cacti), W/c is treated with alum to produce the dye carmine.

A

Cochineal Dyes

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17
Q

When combined with aluminum chloride (Bests’ Carmine stain) is used for demonstration of glycogen.

A

Cochineal Dyes

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18
Q
  • Vegetable dye extracted from certain lichens
A

Orcein

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19
Q

Orcein is used for staining _____

A

Elastic Fibers

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20
Q

______ is also obtained from lichens, treated with ____ and _____ and exposed to ____ and ____.

A

Litmus ; lime ; soda ; ammonia; air

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21
Q

Known as “Coal Tar Dyes”

A

Synthetic Dyes

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22
Q

Synthetic Dyes derived from the ________ and are collectively known as _______

A

hydrocarbon benzene ; Aniline dyes

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23
Q

______ are substances with definite atomic groupings and are capable of producing visible colors

A

Chromophores

24
Q

Benzene contains ________

A

chromogens

25
Q

where the coloring substance is found in the acid component.

A

Acid Dyes

26
Q

where the active coloring substance is found in a basic component that combines with the acid radical.

A

Basic Dyes

27
Q

formed by combining aqueous solutions of acid and basic dyes, capable of staining cytoplasm and nucleus simultaneously and differentially.

A

Neutral Dyes

28
Q

Neutral dyes is capable of staining _______ and ________ simultaneously and differentially

A

cytoplasm and nucleus

29
Q

Neutral Dyes examples

A

Romanowsky dyes (hematology), Giemsa stain and Irishman’s stain (Leucocyte differentiation)

30
Q

_____ recommended for progressive staining of tissues and can also be used for regressive staining

A

Aluminum Hematoxylin Solutions

31
Q

generally used for regressive staining

A

Erlich’s Hematoxylin-

32
Q

Erlich’s Hematoxylin stained _________ substances (cartilage & cement lines of bones)

A

mucopolysaccharide

33
Q

a good regressive stain. Used also for routine nuclear stain, exfoliative cytology and for sex chromosomes

A

Harris hematoxylin

34
Q

recommended for routine purposes, especially used in sequence with celestine blue.

A

Cole’s Hematoxylin

35
Q

Alum hematoxylin ripened with Na iodate. Used as regressive and progressive stain.

A

Mayer’s Hematoxylin

36
Q

Mayer’s Hematoxylin is used as ______ counterstain

A

nuclear counterstain

37
Q

Used for differential or regressive staining

A

Iron hematoxylin

38
Q

Iron hematoxylin examples

A

weigert’s solution
heidenhein’s solution

39
Q

weigert’s solution uses _______ as mordant

A

ferric ammonium chloride

40
Q

heidenhein’s solution uses ______ as mordant

A

ferric ammonium sulfate

41
Q

Demonstrates nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions, voluntary muscle straitions and myelin

A

Heidenhein’s solution

42
Q

-It is a progressive stain
- Demonstrates structures in paraffin, celloidin and frozen sections.

A

Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)

43
Q

Used for differentially staining connective tissues and cytoplasm

A

Eosin

44
Q

Used as counterstain after hematoxylin and before methylene blue.

A

Eosin

45
Q

3 forms of eosin

A

Yellowish (Eosin Y)
Bluish (Eosin B, Erythrosin B)
Ethyl Eosin

46
Q

shows a green yellow fluorescence especially in alcoholic medium.

A

Yellowish (Eosin Y)

47
Q

deeper red color

A

Eosin B, Erythrosin B (Bluish)

48
Q

Eosin S, Eosin alcohol-soluble

A

Ethyl eosin

49
Q

is a mixture of picric acid and acid fuchsin for demonstration of connective tissues.

A

Van Gieson’s Stain (Acid Fuchsin-Picric Acid)

50
Q

a basic acridine fluorochrome which permits discrimination between dead and living cells, giving green fluorescence for DNA and a red fluorescence for RNA

A

Acridine Orange

51
Q

demonstrates deposits of Calcium salts and possible sites of phosphatase activities.

A

Acridine Red 3B

52
Q

for specific for connective tissue and epithelial mucin.

A

Alcian Blue

53
Q

a cytoplasmic stain used for counterstaining of epithelial sections

A

Aniline Blue

54
Q

a plasma stain used for deep staining of acid-fast organisms, for mitochondria, for differentiation of smooth muscles with the use of picric acid.

A

Basic Fuchsin

55
Q

Basic Fuchsin examples

A

Carbol-Fuchsin, Coleman’s Feulgen Reagent, Schiff’s reagent, Mallory’s Fuchsin stain, Aldehyde Fuchsin

mt (54 decks)

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