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SEROUS FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid between the membrane’s w/c provides lubrication as the surfaces move against each other.

A

serous fluid

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2
Q

serous fluid is formed as ________

A

ultrafiltrate of plasma

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3
Q

function of serous fluid

A

Provides lubrication as the surfaces move
against each other

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4
Q

source of serous fluid

A

Ultrafiltrate of plasma; fills organ cavities

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5
Q

normal appearance of serous fluid

A

clear and pale yellow

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6
Q

Closed cavities

A

PLEURAL, PERICARDIAL, PERITONEAL

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7
Q

PLEURAL, PERICARDIAL, PERITONEAL are lined by 2 membranes known as serous membranes

A

Parietal Membrane
Visceral Membrane

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8
Q

lines the cavity wall

A

Parietal Membrane

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9
Q

cover the organs w/in the cavity EFFUSION

A

Visceral Membrane

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10
Q

an increase in fluid between the membranes
due to disruption of the mechanisms of serous fluid formation & reabsorption.

A

EFFUSION

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11
Q

causes of effusions

A

increase hydrostatic pressure
decrease oncotic pressure
increase capillary permeability
lymphatic obstruction

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12
Q

increase hydrostatic pressure =

A

congestive failure

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13
Q

decrease oncotic pressure =

A

hypoproteinemia

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14
Q

increase capillary permeability =

A

inflammation and infection

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15
Q

lymphatic obstruction =

A

tumor

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16
Q

usual amount by needle aspiration (serous fluid)

A

100 mL

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17
Q

procedure/collection for pleural (ser.f)

A

thoracentesis

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18
Q

procedure/collection for pericardial (ser.f)

A

pericardiocentesis

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19
Q

procedure/collection for peritoneal (ser.f)

A

paracentesis

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20
Q

tube used for cell counts & differential count in ser.f

A

EDTA tube

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21
Q

for chemical serologic, microbial & cytologic analysis (syn.f)

A

Heparinized (green-top evacuated tubes)

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22
Q

Specimens for pH must be maintained ______ in _____.

A

anaerobically ; ICE

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23
Q

Chemical exams on serous fluids are compared with _____

A

plasma.

24
Q

normal color of syn.f

A

clear pale yellow

25
Q

turbid appearance of syn.f =

A

microbial infection (TB)

26
Q

bloody appearance of syn.f =

A

hemothorax, hemorrhagic effusion

27
Q

milky appearance of syn.f =

A

Chylous material from thoracic duct leakage

28
Q

PSEUDOCHYLOUS form ________

A

chronic inflammation

29
Q

Form because of a systemic disorder that disrupts the balance in the regulation of fluid filtration & reabsorption.

A

Transudates

30
Q

Testing the transudates is not usually (necessary or unnecessary).

A

necessary

31
Q

Produced by conditions that directly involve the membranes of the particular cavity, including infections & malignancies.

A

EXUDATES

32
Q

Obtained from the pleural cavity, located bet. the parietal pleural membrane lining the chest wall & the visceral pleural membrane covering the lungs.

A

Pleural Fluid

33
Q

Pleural Fluid is obtained from the _______, located bet. the ______ lining the chest wall & the ______ covering the lungs.

A

pleural cavity ; parietal pleural membrane ; visceral pleural membrane

34
Q

Pleural fluid cholesterol & fluid-to-serum cholesterol ratio ____ or _______

A

> 60mg/dL ↓ or >0.3 ↓

35
Q

pleural fluid is an (exudate or transudate?)

A

exudate

36
Q

Neutrophils in pleural fluid is =

A

pneumonia, pancreatitis, pulmonary infection

37
Q

Lymphocytes in pleural fluid is =

A

TB, viral inf., autoimmune disorders,
malignancy

38
Q

if this cell has a normal & reactive forms therefore it dont have a clin. Sig.

A

Mesothelial Cells

39
Q

_______ are associated with TB

A

mesothelial cells

40
Q

plasma cells in pleural fluid =

A

TB

41
Q

Malignant cells in pleural fluid =

A

primary adenocarcinoma & small-cell carcinoma, metabolic carcinoma

42
Q

low glucose level in pleural fluid is seen in

A

are seen w/ Rheumatoid inflammation & purulent infections

43
Q

in pleural fluid, if pH is lower than 7.3 it may indicate …

A

may indicate the need for chest-tube drainage, in addition to administration of antibiotics in cases of pneumonia

44
Q

increased amylase in pleural fluid is associated with

A

pancreatitis, esophageal rupture & malignancy

45
Q

MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED W/ PLEURAL EFFUSIONS:

A

 Staph. Aureus
 Enterobacteriaciae
 Anaerobes
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis

46
Q

in pericardial fluid, about _____ of fluid is normally found bet. the _______ serous membranes

A

10-50 ml ; pericardial

47
Q

______ are primarily the result of changes in the permeability of the membranes due to infection (pericardial fluid)

A

Effusion

48
Q

increased neutron is indicative of

A

bacterial endocarditis

49
Q

metastatic lung or breast carcinoma

A

Malignant cells

50
Q

Determines exudates or transudates

A

 Fluid-to-serum protein
 Lactic dehydrogenase ratio

51
Q

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity & the fluid is referred to as ascitic fluid

A

Ascites

52
Q

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity & the fluid is referred to as _________

A

ascitic fluid

53
Q

are frequent causes of ascitic transudates

A

cirrhosis

54
Q

bacterial infection, is a result of intestinal perforation or a ruptured appendix & malignancy are the most frequent causes of exudative fluids.

A

Peritonitis

55
Q

a sensitive test for the detection of intra-
abdominal bleeding in blunt trauma cases (RBC count = <100,000/ul) (using normal saline)

A

Peritoneal lavage

56
Q

results of the _____ count are used to aid in determining the need for ______

A

RBC ; surgery

mt (54 decks)

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