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SYNOVIAL FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

Is a viscous liquid found in cavities of movable joint (diarthroses) or synovial joints

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID (JOINT FLUID)

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2
Q

formed as an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane.

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID (JOINT FLUID)

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3
Q

cells lining the synovial membrane, secrete a
mucopolysaccharide containing hyaluronic acid & a small amount of CHON into the fluid.

A

Synoviocytes

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4
Q

Synovial fluid functions

A
  • Provide lubrication in the joints
  • Provides nutrient to the articular cartilage
  • Lessens the shock of joint compression occurring during activities such as walking & jogging
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5
Q

Damage to the articular membranes produces pain & stiffness in the joints.

A

Arthritis

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6
Q

A variety of conditions including _____, ______, ______, _______, ______, and _______ are associated with arthritis.

A

infection, inflammation, metabolic disorders, trauma, physical stress and advanced age

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7
Q

pathologic significance:
 Degenerative joint disorders,
 osteoarthritis

A

non inflammatory

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8
Q

pathologic significance:
o Immunologic disorders o Rheumatoid arthritis
o Lupus erythematosus o Scleroderma
o Polymyositis
o Ankyolosing spondylitis
o Rheumatic fever
o Lyme arthritis crystal-induced gout and
pseudogout

A

Inflammatory

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9
Q

pathologic significance:
- Microbial infection

A

Septic

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10
Q

pathologic significance:
o Traumatic injury
o Tumors
o Hemophilia
o Other coagulation disorders Anticoagulant
overdose

A

Hemorrhagic

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11
Q

FREQUENTLY PERFORMED TESTS IN SYNOVIAL FLUID

A
  1. WBC count
  2. Diff. count
  3. Gram stain
  4. Culture
  5. Polarized microscopy exam for crystals
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12
Q

NORMAL VOLUME IN SYN.F

A

<3.5 ML

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13
Q

NORMAL COLOR IN SYN.F

A

COLORLESS TO PALE YELLOW

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14
Q

NORMAL CLARITY IN SYN.F

A

CLEAR

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15
Q

NORMAL VISCOSITY IN SYN.F

A

Able to form a string 4–6 cm long

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16
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN IN SYN.F

A

<3 g/dL

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17
Q

ERYTHROCYTE COUNT IN SYN.F

A

<2000 CELLS/ML

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18
Q

LEUKOCYTE COUNT IN SYN.F

A

<200 CELLS/ML

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19
Q

NEUTROPHIL IN SYN.F

A

<20% OF THE DIFFERENTIAL

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20
Q

LYMPOCHYTE IN SYN.F

A

<15% OF THE DIFFERENTIAL

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21
Q

MONOCYTE AND MACROPHAGE IN SYN.F

A

65% OF THE DIFFERENTIAL

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22
Q

GLUCOSE IN SYN.F

A

<10 MG/DL LOWER THAN BLOOD GLUCOSE

23
Q

URIC ACID IN SYN.F

A

EQUAL TO BLOOD

24
Q

TUBE FOR CHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGIC

A

Plain Red Top Tube

25
Q

Tube for microscopic exams

A

With anticoagulant

26
Q

tube for microbiological studies

A

Sterile Anticoagulant Tube

27
Q

what tube is a Sterile Anticoagulant Tube

A

sodium polyanetholsulfonate

28
Q

best anticoagulant for synovial fluid oxalate.

A

Sodium heparin

29
Q

must be avoided because they can produce
crystalline structure resembling monosodium urate crystals

A

Powdered EDTA

30
Q

Powdered EDTA must be avoided because they can produce ______ structure resembling _________

A

crystalline ; monosodium urate crystals

31
Q

collection of synovial fluid by needle aspiration

A

Arthrocentesis

32
Q

________ is used for collection (syn.f) is moistened with ____.

A

syringe ; heparin

33
Q

3 tubes used in syn.f

A

 1 – micro – heparinized tube
 1 – hema – EDTA tube (liquid)
 1 – other tests – non anticoagulated tube

34
Q

______ should not be used because they may produce artifacts that will interfere with crystal analysis.

A

Powdered anticoagulants

35
Q

responsible for the viscosity of S.F. & is essential for proper lubrication of the joints.

A

Polymerization of the hyaluronic acid

36
Q

In arthritis, production of _______ & its ability to polymerize is affected thus _______ the viscosity.

A

hyaluronate ; decreasing

37
Q

Measures the degree of hyaluronate polymerization.

A

Ropes or Mucin clot test

38
Q

2-5% HAC + normal S.F. =

A

form solid clot

39
Q

Neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules containing immune complexes

A

RA - rheumatoid arthritis cell (ragocyte)

40
Q

neutrophil containing characteristic ingested “round body”

A

LE - lupus erythematosus cell

41
Q

Vacuolated macrophage with ingested neutrophils

A

Reiter cell

42
Q

found in cases of gout

A

Monosodium urate (UA)

43
Q

found in Pseudogout

A

Calcium phosphate (CPPD)

44
Q

Calcium phosphate (CPPD) produces ____ color

A

blue

45
Q

Fluid is examined unstained under polarized & compensated polarized light for detection of ______ and _____

A

monosodium urate crystals (MSU) and Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD)

46
Q

microbiological tests in syn.f

A

gram stain and culture

47
Q

culture should include an enrichment medium such as ______

A

Chocolate agar

48
Q

Most common organisms that infect S.F. are:

A

 Hemophilus spp
 Neisseria gonorrhea
 Staphylococcus
 Streptococcus

49
Q

Demonstration of antibodies to the causative agent ________ in the patient’s serum can confirm the causes of the _________.

A

Borrelia burgdorferi ; ARTHRITIS

50
Q

Anticoagulant which prevent clotting if fibrinogen is present but do not form crystals

A

EDTA

51
Q

RBC TOTAL COUNT

A

fewer than 2000 RBCs/uL

52
Q

WBC TOTAL COUNT

A

lower than 200 WBC/uL

53
Q

WBC TOTAL COUNT

A

lower than 200 WBC/uL

54
Q

Greater than >2000 cells/uL are typically associated with ______

A

bacterial arthritis.

mt (54 decks)

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