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House Microbiology > Viral infections of the upper respiratory tract > Flashcards

Viral infections of the upper respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

Picornavirus

(Small Or Large?) family of viruses which consist of ____viruses and ______viruses.

One of the (smallest or largest?) group of viruses

A

Large

Entero; Rhino

Smallest

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2
Q

Picornavirus

Genome:

(Single or double?) stranded (linear or circular?), (positive or negative ?) sense RNA, 7.2 – 8.4Kb in size.

A

Single

Linear

Positive

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3
Q

Picornavirus

Protein:_____ major polypeptides cleaved from a large precursor polyprotein.

A

Four

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4
Q

Picornavirus
Protein

Surface capsid proteins _____ and ____ are major antibody-binding sites.

____ is an internal protein

A

VP1 and VP3

VP4

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5
Q

Picornavirus
Protein

Structure:

_________ symmetry

Capsid shell of ____ subunits)

(enveloped or naked?)

Replication in the ————

A

Icosahedral

60

Naked

cytoplasm

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6
Q

Enteroviruses

Poliovirus types _____
Echoviruses types ______
Enteroviruses __
Rhinovirus _______
Coxsackie viruses A types _______
Coxsackie viruses B types _____
Human enteroviruses ______ infect man

A

1 – 3

1 – 33

68-116

A – C

1 – 24

1 – 6

A – D

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7
Q

Paramyxovirus

________, pleomorphic, ____ nm or more in diameter

______ nucleocapsid, 13 or 18 nm)

(Single or double?) -stranded RNA

(linear or circular ?)

(Segmented or nonsegmented?)

(Positive or negative?) sense, about 15 kb

A

Spherical; 150

helical ; Single ; Linear

NonSegmented; negative

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8
Q

Paramyxovirus

•Envelope contains viral glycoprotein
(___,____,_____)

-which sometimes carries ______ or _______ activity)
-________ glycoprotein

A

G, H, or HN

hemagglutinin or neuraminidase

Fusion (F)

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9
Q

Paramyxovirus

Replication: __________ , particles bud from ___________

A

Cytoplasm

plasma membrane

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10
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus

_____virus
____virus
_____virus
_____virus

A

Respiro

Rubula

Morbili

Pneumo

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11
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus
Respirovirus

•____________
•___________

A

Human Parainfluenza virus 1
Human Parainfluenza virus 3

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12
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus

Rubulavirus
•_____________
•______________
•________________

Morbilivirus
•__________ virus

A

Human Parainfluenza virus 2
Human Parainfluenza virus 4
Mumps virus

Measles

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13
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus

Pneumovirus
•_______________________
•_____________________

A

Human respiratory syncytial virus

Human metapneumovirus

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14
Q

Introduction

Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) represents the most common (acute or chronic ?) illness evaluated in the outpatient setting.

A

Acute

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15
Q

Introduction

_________ account for most of the URI Common in children

A

Viruses

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16
Q

Types of upper respiratory tract infection

Rhinitis: Inflammation of the ________

Rhinosinusitis or sinusitis: Inflammation of the ___________ and _________ , including ______,_____,________, and ________

A

nasal mucosa

nares and paranasal sinuses

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid

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17
Q

Types of upper respiratory tract infection

Nasopharyngitis : Inflammation of the ______________________________________

Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the ________,__________ ,_______,_______

A

nares, pharynx, hypopharynx, uvula, and tonsils

pharynx, hypopharynx, uvula, and tonsils

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18
Q

Nasopharyngitis (____________ or _____________)

A

rhinopharyngitis

The common cold

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19
Q

Types of upper respiratory tract infection

Epiglottitis (supraglottitis): Inflammation of the _________________ and ________

Laryngitis: Inflammation of the _____

A

superior portion of the larynx and supraglottic area

larynx

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20
Q

Types of upper respiratory tract infection

Croup or Laryngotracheobronchitis: Inflammation of the ______,_______,_______

Tracheitis: Inflammation of the _______,_______

A

larynx, trachea, and subglottic area

trachea and subglottic area

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21
Q

Aetiology

Nasopharyngitis (common cold)

• ______virus, ___________virus, _____virus, Enterovirus, ______ virus

•____________ virus, Human _________virus, _______ virus

A

Rhino; Human Corona; Adeno; Parainfluenza

Respiratory syncytial ; metapneumo

Influenza

22
Q

Aetiology

Viral pharyngitis

•______virus, ____virus, ______ virus, _______ virus, _____virus, ______virus

A

Adeno

Entero

Influenza

Herpes simplex

Cytomegalovirus

Epstein Barr

23
Q

Pathophysiology

•___________ of the upper respiratory tract

A

Direct invasion

24
Q

Pathophysiology

•Transmission

________ of ________ through coughing, sneezing

Touching your nose or mouth with _________

•Viral _______ at the site of entry

A

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

infected hands

replication

25
Q

Pathophysiology

After Viral replication at the site of entry

Spread locally over the ________

___________ of the immune system to invading pathogens leads to ____,_______ and _________

A

epithelial surfaces

Inflammatory response

Erythema, local swelling, secretions

26
Q

Pathophysiology

Virus is shed in respiratory secretions

Incubation period
• Rhinovirus: ___________
• Influenza and Parainfluenza virus: ______ days
• RSV: ____ days

A

1 – 5 days

1 – 4

7

27
Q

Protective mechanism

____ lining the nose _____ and _____ some pathogens

______ trapping potential invaders

______ cells lower in the respiratory tract trap and transport pathogens up to the _________

A

Hair; filters and traps

Mucus

Ciliated; pharynx

28
Q

Protective mechanism

Ciliated cells lower in the respiratory tract trap and transport pathogens up to the pharynx; from there they are __________________

Collection of _____ cells: _______ and ———

Secretory ____

A

swallowed into the stomach

lymphoid

adenoids and tonsils

IgA

29
Q

Most common infectious illness in the general population are ?????

A

URTI

30
Q

________ represent the most frequent (acute or chronic ?) diagnosis in the clinics

A

URTI

Acute

31
Q

common cold is most common in (children or adults?) .

A

Children

32
Q

Epidemiology

(Small Or Large?) reservoir are found in children at schools

_____ viral respiratory illnesses per year

A

Large

3-8

33
Q

Cold weather = more people sick with URTI

T/F

With reasons

A

Cold weather results in more time spent indoors (eg, at work, home, school) and close exposure to others who may be infected.

Most viral URI agents thrive in the low humidity that is characteristic of winter months.

34
Q

Clinical features

Nasopharyngitis

________, nasal ______ or ________, sneezing,

persistent, __________ discharge, especially if accompanied by _______ or _______ in the nares, may indicate ______ infection,

A

Rhinorrhoea

congestion or obstruction

purulent nasal

crusts or sores ; bacterial

35
Q

Clinical features

Nasopharyngitis

_____ from post nasal drips
_______ breathing
Headache
Mild fever: children

A

Cough

Mouth

36
Q

Clinical features

Pharyngitis

____ throat, ____ on swallowing, fever, _____ , headache

(Exudates or transudates?) , vesicles cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Sore; pain; myalgia

Exudates

37
Q

Clinical features

Rhinosinusitis

______ discharge, _____ pain, nasal _______, _____ mouth, ____ breath,

A

Nasal; facial

obstruction

dry ; foul

38
Q

Clinical features

Croup

_____ or ______ swallowing

————— in the throat

________ or ________

______ cough

Myalgia

A

Painful or difficult

Sensation of lump

Hoarseness or loss of voice

Barking

39
Q

Llaboratory diagnosis

Is needed for most viral URI in the outpatient setting

T/F

A

F

Not needed for most viral URI in the outpatient setting

40
Q

Llaboratory diagnosis

Important for pharyngitis to exclude _________________________
URI due to _________________ since antiviral therapy is available

A

Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis

Herpes simplex virus and Influenza virus

41
Q

Llaboratory diagnosis

Is needed for Symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks

T/F

A

T

42
Q

Llaboratory diagnosis: Specimen

______ swab, ________ swab or _______ , ______ swab or aspirate,

Virus culture
Rapid antigen test
Immunoflourescence test
Polymerase chain reaction

A

Throat; nasopharyngeal

aspirate; nasal

43
Q

Treatment

_______ is not used to treat viral URI

A

Antibiotics

44
Q

Treatment

_______-based therapy represents the mainstay of viral URI

Nasal _______

____________(for infants), Avoidance of _______ (eg, cigarette smoke, indoor and outdoor air pollutants)

A

Symptom

decongestants

Bulb suction

nasal irritants

45
Q

Treatment

Warm, moist air, Nasal saline, Hydration, Warm facial packs

T/F

A

T

46
Q

Treatment

________ inhalation

Take (short or long?) , (cold or hot?) showers

A

Steam

Long

Hot

47
Q

Treatment

Use a ________ to increase humidity in rooms Saline gargle

Drinking _____,________ etc

A

vaporizer

hot tea, beverages

48
Q

Prevention

Respiratory hygiene

Cover your mouth and nose with ————— or _________ when you cough or sneeze.

Then dispose the used tissue immediately.

A

tissue or your bent elbow

49
Q

Prevention

Hand hygiene – Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands
with ______-based hand rub or wash them with __________.

A

an alcohol

soap and water

50
Q

Do not sneeze or cough into handkerchiefs

T/F

A

T

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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