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House Microbiology > Viral Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Viral Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

The family Reoviridae is divided into ___ genera.

_____ of the genera are able to infect humans and animals:

A

15

Four

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2
Q

The family Reoviridae

Four of the genera are able to infect humans and animals:

______
_______
________
___________

A

Rotavirus
Orthoreovirus
Coltivirus
Orbivirus

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3
Q

The family Reoviridae

Four of the genera are able to infect humans and animals:
Rotavirus – ___ segments
Orthoreovirus – ___ segments
Coltivirus – ___ segments
Orbivirus – ___ segments

A

11

10

12

10

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4
Q

The family Reoviridae

Genome consists of

______-stranded (DNA or RNA?) in ______ discrete segments

Total genome size of ____ kbp, depending on the genus.

A

double

RNA; 10–12

16–27

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5
Q

The family Reoviridae

The individual RNA segments vary in size from _____ (_____virus) to ____ bp (____virus).

A

680

rota

3900

orthoreo

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6
Q

The virion core of reoviridae contains several enzymes needed for transcription and capping of viral RNAs

T/F

A

T

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7
Q

___________ is the second most common viral illness after upper respiratory tract infection.

A

Viral gastroenteritis

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8
Q

Viral gastroenteritis

It mainly affects ___________ ————

A

Children under 5 years

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9
Q

Viruses are responsible for up to _____ of all infective diarrhoeas.

A

3/4

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10
Q

In developing countries, viral gastroenteritis is a major killer of _____ who are ___________.

A

infants; undernourished

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11
Q

Rotaviruses are responsible for __________ deaths a year.

A

half a million

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12
Q

Many different types of viruses are found in the gut and all are associated with gastroenteritis.

T/F

A

F

Many different types of viruses are found in the gut but only some are associated with gastroenteritis.

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13
Q

Causes of viral gastroenteritis

_____virus
_________ ______virus
_______virus
______virus

A

Rota

Enteric adeno

Calici

Astro

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14
Q

ROTAVIRUS

(Enveloped or Non enveloped?)

__________ shape

_______ nm in diameter with a characteristic _____-shaped structure (rota)

family ____viridae.

A

Non enveloped

icosahedral

60 -80

wheel; Reo

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15
Q

ROTAVIRUS

______ shells: ________________________________

A

three

an outer capsid, an inner capsid and a core.

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16
Q

ROTAVIRUS

______ segments of ______-stranded RNA,

____ structural proteins

____ non-structural proteins

A

11; double

6

5

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17
Q

ROTAVIRUS

6 structural proteins (_____,____ ,______)

5 non-structural proteins (______-_______).

A

VP1–VP4, VP6, VP7

NSP1–NSP5

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18
Q

ROTAVIRUS

VP4 and VP7

encode protein of the _________

are targets for __________

Targets for ________

Used to classify ______

A

outer capsid

neutralising antibodies.

vaccine production

serotypes

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19
Q

Rotavirus

VP6 – used to classify ________

A

serogroups

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20
Q

ROTAVIRUS

__________________ occurs readily

A

Genetic reassortment

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21
Q

ROTAVIRUS

___ serogroups (_________) are associated with human disease.

A

3

A, B C

22
Q

Enteric adenovirus

(Enveloped or Non enveloped?)

_________ shape

________nm

A

Non enveloped

Icosahedral

70 – 90

23
Q

Enteric adenovirus

Linear or circular?)

______ stranded (DNA or RNA?)

Replication – ________

A

Linear

Double; DNA

nucleus

24
Q

Enteric adenovirus

Human adenoviruses are divided into ____ groups (_______) with about ____ antigenic types.
Group F is associated with gastroenteritis
•
Types 40 and 41 cause infantile gastroenteritis

A

6; A – F

49

25
Q

Enteric adenovirus

Group ____ is associated with gastroenteritis

Types _____ and _____ cause infantile gastroenteritis

A

F

40 and 41

26
Q

Caliciviruses

(Enveloped or Non enveloped?)

(Spherical or icosahedral?)

________nm

A

Non enveloped

icosahedral

27 – 40

27
Q

Caliciviruses

(Linear or circular?) ,

_______ sense

_____ stranded (DNA or RNA?)

Replication – _______

A

Linear ; positive

single; RNA

cytoplasm

28
Q

Caliciviruses

Norovirus – ________

3 genotypes – ___,___,____

A

Norwalk

GI, GII, GIV

29
Q

Caliciviruses

_________virus
the most important cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis in adults

A

Sapporo

30
Q

Astroviruses

_______ sense

_______ stranded (DNA or RNA?) virus

_______ pointed _____ on their surface

A

Positive; single

RNA

5 – 6; stars

31
Q

Astroviruses

(Enveloped or Non enveloped?)

(icosahedral or spherical?)

________nm in diameter

A

Non enveloped

icosahedral

28 – 30

32
Q

Astroviruses

_____ serotypes

______-_____ kb in size

A

8

6.8 – 7.9

33
Q

Astroviruses

Replication – _________

A

cytoplasm

34
Q

Rotaviruses are the single most important worldwide cause of gastroenteritis in ____________

A

young children

35
Q

By _______, 90% of children have serum antibodies to rotavirus

A

3 years

36
Q

In temperate climates, rotavirus occurs mainly in (summer or winter?) .

A

Winter

37
Q

Norwalk virus is associated with epidemics and more common in (adults or children?) than (adults or children?) .

A

adults

Children

38
Q

Adenoviruses cause (adults or infantile?) gastroenteritis

A

infantile

39
Q

Rotavirus

account for 20–70% of _______ of ______

20% of all _______ in children under 5 years of age

A

hospitalized cases ; diarrhoea

diarrhoeal deaths

40
Q

Rotavirus

Asymptomatic clinical infection are common in _____ less than ________ due to _____________________

A

infants; 6 months

maternal antibodies

41
Q

Calicivirus –

______ rise slowly reaching a peak of about ____% in the _____ decade

A

Antibodies

50

fifth

42
Q

_____virus –

Causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis in schools, camps and cruise ships.

A

Calici

43
Q

Pathogenesis

Transmission is by the __________ route

Person to person through ____________

Eating _________ fruits and vegetables contaminated with _______________

A

faeco-oral

contaminated hands.

uncooked; infectious fecal material.

44
Q

Pathogenesis

Drinking water contaminated with ____________________

Contamination of uncooked food, fruits and salads by __________________.

A

infectious fecal material.

food handlers

45
Q

Pathogenesis

Rotaviruses appear to localize primarily in the _________ and _________ causing __________ of __________ with ___________

Damage the _____________ of enterocytes

A

duodenum and proximal jejunum

destruction of villous epithelial cells with blunting of villi

transport mechanism

46
Q

Pathogenesis

Rotaviruses

Damage the transport mechanism of enterocytes

_______ is an enterotoxin which induces ________

As a result, _____________ of __________ occurs .

A

NSP4 ; secretion

maladsorption of fluids and electrolytes

47
Q

Pathogenesis

Rotaviruses are shed in the stool

T/F

A

T

48
Q

Incubation period –

Rotavirus:________
Norwalk virus: ___________
Adenovirus: _________

A

1 – 3 days

10 -51 hours

8 – 10 days

49
Q

Clinical features of viral gastroenteritis

Vomiting (persist for ___________)

Copious ____________ ( persists for _______ days)

(Low or High?) grade fever may be present

__________

A

1 – 3 days

watery diarrhoea ; 4 – 8

Low

Dehydration

50
Q

Diagnosis

Antigen detection using ELISA

•–_________,________

Electron microscopy
–______,________,_________,________

Polymerase chain reaction
– ________,_______,______,_________

A

Rotavirus, Adenovirus

Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Norwalk virus, Astrovirus

Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Norwalk virus, Astrovirus

51
Q

Treatment of viral gastroenteritis

_______ antiviral therapy

_________ therapy

Replacement of fluids and electrolytes

–______
– Oral ___________

A

No

Supportive

IV fluid
rehydration salt

52
Q

Prevention

Vaccination
_______,______
Given at _________,________, and ________

access to safe drinking-water;
use of improved sanitation;
hand washing with soap;
good personal and food hygiene;
health education about how infections spread

A

Rotarix, RotaTeq

2 months, 4 months and 6 months

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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