IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 2 Flashcards

1
Q

_____________ is the most abundant type of white blood cell, ingest and destroy invading bacteria and fungi by a process known as phagocytosis while eosinophils phagocytize larger parasites

A

neutrophils

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2
Q

circulating _________ migrate from the bloodstream to diseased tissues where they differentiate into phagocytic macrophages

A

monocytes

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3
Q

granulocytes such as ________ and _________ released stored effectors that attract additional leukocytes to the site of infection and trigger an inflammatory response

A

basophils, mast cells

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4
Q

____________ and ___________ target virally infected and malignantly transformed host cells

A

cytotoxic t cells and natural killer cells

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5
Q

leukocytes and endothelial cells contain cell surface lectins called ___________ which participate in intracellular adhesion

they are single chain calcium binding transmembrane proteins; the amino terminals contain a lectin domain which is involved in binding to specific carbohydrate ligands

A

selectins

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6
Q

selectins bind _______ and __________

A

sialylated and fucosylated oligosaccharides

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7
Q

__________ have selectin ligands on their surfaces which may have a role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells

A

cancer cells

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8
Q

_____________- the lack of the beta 2 subunit (also designated CD18) of LFA-1 and of two related integrins found in neutrophils and macrophages

A

type 1 leukocyte adhesion deficiency

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9
Q

__________ and _________ impairs the ability of the affected leukocyte to adhere to vascular endothelial cells impeding diapedesis

A

MAC 1(CD11b/18) and P150,95 (CD11c/18)

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10
Q

lymphocytes that have yet to be stimulated to produce immunoglobulins are said to be _______

A

naive

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11
Q

macrophages, neutrophils, and phagocytic lymphocytes called ___________ display or present fragments of macromolecules they have destroyed by phagocytosis

A

plasma cells

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12
Q

__________ recognize proteins that appear on the surface of host cells as a consequence of viral infection or oncogenic transformation

A

cytotoxic t cells

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13
Q

____________ resemble cytotoxic t cells but contain granules holding additional toxic chemicals to aid in their attack

A

natural killer cells

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14
Q

every individual contains clonally derived lymphocytes of each clone having arisen from a single precursor and being capable of recognizing and responding to a specific antigenic determinant

A

clonal selection hypothesis

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15
Q

B lymphocytes can be

PM

A

Plasma cells
Memory B cells

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16
Q

cells that have been exposed to an antigen and are readily converted to effector cells by a later encounter with the same antigen

A

memory b cells

17
Q

membrane immunoglobulin of B lymphocyte in BL receptor complex

A

IgM and IgD

18
Q

involved in graft rejection hypersensitivity reactions and many defense against malignant cells and many viruses

A

t lymphocytes

19
Q

t cells exert their effects by synthesizing and releasing ______

hormone like proteins that act by binding specific receptors on their target cells

A

cytokines

20
Q

destroys transplanted and virus-infected cells

CD8 T cells

with granzymes and perforins

A

cytotoxic t cells

21
Q

CD4 t cells

they get their name from the help they provide to effector cells

B cells and cytotoxic t lymphocytes

A

Helper T cells

22
Q

type of helper t cells

concerned with cellular immunity

controls intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria (Listeria and myobacterium tuberculosis)

A

T helper 1 (Th1)

23
Q

type of t helper cell

interact primarily with B cells in relation to humoral immunity

essential production of IgE

IL4

A

T helper 2 (Th2)

24
Q

Type of t helper cell

provided help to B cells enabling them to develop into antibody secreting plasma cells

found in lymph nodes and they are the most abundant helper t cells

A

T follicular helper cells

25
Q

type of t helper cells

protects surfaces (skin, lining of the intestines) against extracellular bacteria

A

Th17

26
Q

regulation of cellular and humoral immunity

also called regulatory t cells

secreted interleukin 10 which a powerful immunosuppressant which inhibits action of CD8 cytotoxic t lymphocyte

A

suppressor t cells

27
Q

type of t cells

previously exposed to antigen and converted to t cells

A

memory t cells

28
Q

bridge between innate and adaptive

resides in peripheral tissues (skin, liver and intestine)

orchestrate via secretion of migration of other types of immune cells within lymph nodes

A

dendritic cells

29
Q

process of tagging an invader with protective proteins to facilitate recognition by phagocytic leukocytes is called

A

opsonization

30
Q

responsible for the green color of pus

genetic deficiency can cause recurrent infections

A

myeloperoxidase

31
Q

key component of the respiratory burst deficient in chronic ganulomatous disease

A

NADPH oxidase

32
Q

abundant in macrophages hydrolyzes bacterial peptidoglycans

hydrolyzes link between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl D glucosamine found in certain bacterial walls

A

lysozyme

33
Q

basic antibiotic peptides of 20-33 amino acids

apparently kills bacteria causing membrane damage

A

defensins

34
Q

may inhibit growth of certain bacteria by binding iron and may be involved in regulation of proliferation of myeloid cells

A

lactoferrin

35
Q

elastase, collagenase, gelatinase, cathepsin g

abundant in phagocytes; breakdown protein components of infectious organisms; generate fragments for antigen presentation

A

proteases