Bio9

Question 1

Features of prokaryotes

Answer 1

Prokaryotes have a cell wall under a capsule. We’ve only found about a thousand prokaryote species, since they live in extreme locales. Endosymbiotic theory says that they were engulfed by eukaryotes. Many prokaryotes are anaerobic while many eukaryotes are aerobic. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually while eukaryotes reproduce both asexually and sexually. Archaea and bacteria are both unicellular, with a cell wall. They both can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic.

Question 2

Protists

Answer 2

Mostly unicellular Eukaryotes that appeared 1.5 bya and reproduce a sexually or sexually and live in damp areas. They are classed based on how they obtain nutrients (photoautrotrophs, chemotrophs or mixotrophs) and move (pseudopods, cillia, flagella, wind, or spores). Plant like protists are autotrophs that have chloroplasts and chlorophyll. Groups are diatoms with shells of silica, dinoflagellates who are unicellular, euglenoids who are multicellular flagellated mixotrophs, red algae which are multicellular and over reproduce in red tide, brown algae and green algae. Fungus like protists are heterotrophs. Groups of animal like protists or protozoans are Cercozoans which move with pseudopods, Cilliates which move with cilia, Flagellates which move with flagella, Sporozoa which are immobile parasites that for from spores. Warm climates speed up reproduction of malaria.

Question 3

fungi

Answer 3

Their structure evolved for absorption of nutrients (parasitic that absorb nutrients from living cells, saprobial that feed on dead organisms, predatory that trap prey, or mutualistic that form relationships with plants) and reproduction (asexualy by sporulation, sexually by fusing with other fungi). The aboveground stalk is hyphae, threads of cytoplasm covered by a plasma membrane and a cell wall. Predatory fungi capture prey with things like adhesive hyphae of toxins. Capturing nematodes is a source of nitrogen. Phyla are zygomycota, basidiomycota where all organisms release spores, chytridomycota which are aquatic and have uniquely flagellated gametes, Ascomycota and glomeromycota that form symbiotic relationships with plants.

Question 4

Differences between fungi and plants

Answer 4

Fungi are nonmotile, do not photosynthesize, have no leaves or roots and their cell walls are made of chitin

Question 5

Fungi/plants are nonmotile

Answer 5

Fungi

Question 6

What are the smallest organisms on earth

Answer 6

Prokaryotes

Question 7

When did protists first appear

Answer 7

1.5 billion years ago

Question 8

Protists are prokaryotes/eukaryotes

Answer 8

Eukaryotes

Question 9

Most/no/all/some protists are multicellular

Answer 9

Most

Question 10

Fungi are prokaryotes/eukaryotes

Answer 10

Eukaryotes

Question 11

How do fungi eat

Answer 11

By releasing exoenzymes that break food down

Question 12

The only organisms that can decay wood

Answer 12

Fungi

Question 13

What do we call the above ground part of a fungus

Answer 13

The fruiting body

Question 14

The dominant forms of life in most habitats

Answer 14

Prokaryotes