2bio Flashcards
energy diagram
-energy use
-purpose
-all parts
-bunsen burners
Cells must continuously capture and store and use energy. Energy diagrams show changes in the amount of energy during a reaction. The x axis of an energy diagram is potential energy and the y axis is the reaction. Cellular potential energy is stored in the bonds of molecules. The energy needed to initiate a reaction is the activation energy. Its in the form of heat for many reactions, thats why bunsen burners were so common. But excessive heat denatures proteins so cellular respiration is a series of pathways. The change in energy between the reactants and products is delta E. the transition state is the point where the original bonds break and new ones start to form
Enzymes
-principle terminative morpheme
-temperature
-ribozymes
-function
-metabolic pathways
-active sites
-cofactors
-models
-local regulation
Enzymes end in ase. High temperatures limit the flexibility of enzymes. Most human enzymes function optimally at 37 celsius. Ribozymes are RNA based enzymes. The goal of an Enzyme is to make the transition state of a reaction easier to achieve by reducing activation energy. They do this by straining the shape of the substrate, bringing pieces close together so they can be combined and by exposing the substrate to environments that destabilize its bonds. An enzyme can only catalyze one reaction. metabolic pathways are many enzymes that make cumulative changes. In a metabolic pathway the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next. Enzymes have grooves that the substrate binds to called active sites. A substrate can bind to one site, but enzymes may have any number of active sites. The substrate can fall out. The enzyme substrate complex is the enzyme with the substrate in it. Cofactors are non protein but essential parts of enzymes. They can be inhibitory of excitatory. Inorganic ones are prosthetic groups and organic ones are coenzymes. Coenzymes are loosely bound. The lock and key model says that enzymes are specific and an enzyme fits the substrate like a lock. If is less accurate than, but not negated by The induced fit model, which says that side chains in the substrate are complementary to those of the active site and that when the substrate binds the active site changes shape. Local regulation is both irreversible and reversible
What does an isomerase do
Change the shape of a molecule
