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Pharmacology > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Ferrous Sulfate Mechanism

A

Oral Fe2+

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2
Q

Ferrous Sulfate Usefulness

A

Anemia

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3
Q

Ferrous Sulfate Toxicity

A

N, GI Distress, Abd Cramps
Constipation, Diarrhea
Black Stool
Space from other drugs (tetra)

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4
Q

Ferrous Gluconate Mechanism

A

Oral Fe2+

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5
Q

Ferrous Gluconate Use

A

Anemia

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6
Q

Ferrous Gluconate Side Effects

A

N, GI Distress, Abd Cramps
Constipation, Diarrhea
Black Stool
Space from other drugs (tetra)

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7
Q

Ferrous Fumarate Mechanism

A

Oral Fe2+

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8
Q

Ferrous Fumarate Use

A

Anemia

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9
Q

Ferrous Fumarate Side Effects

A

N, GI Distress, Abd Cramps
Constipation, Diarrhea
Black Stool
Space from other drugs (tetra)

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10
Q

Iron Dextran Mechanism

A

IV/IM Fe3+: not absorbable

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11
Q

Iron Dextran Usefulness

A

GI in patients with
-gastrectomy
-small bowel resection
-IBD
-Malabsorption syndrome

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12
Q

Iron Dextran Side Effects

A

Vasodilate
Fever, joint, Muscle Pain
Urticaria: possible anaphylaxis/death

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13
Q

Iron Sucrose Mechanism

A

IV/IM Fe3+: not absorbable

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14
Q

Iron Sucrose Use

A

GI in patients with
-gastrectomy
-small bowel resection
-IBD
-Malabsorption syndrome

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15
Q

Iron Sucrose Side Effects

A

Vasodilate
Fever, joint, Muscle Pain

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16
Q

Iron Sodium Gluconate Mechanism

A

IV/IM Fe3+: not absorbable

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17
Q

Iron Sodium Gluconate Usefulness

A

GI in patients with
-gastrectomy
-small bowel resection
-IBD
-Malabsorption syndrome

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18
Q

Iron Sodium gluconate Side Effects

A

Vasodilate
Fever, joint, Muscle Pain

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19
Q

Deferoxamine Mechanism

A

Chelates Iron 3+

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20
Q

Deferoxamine use

A

IV antidote for iron OD

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21
Q

Deferoxamine Side Effects

A

Scavenge Fe from tissues: cause iron deficiency

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22
Q

Fe OD symptoms

A

N/Gi Distress

Ab pain, black stook

necrotizing gastroenteritis
bloody diarrhea, shock, lethargy
dyspnea, acidosis, coma, death

23
Q

Deferiprone Mechanism of Action

A

Chelates Iron 3+

24
Q

Deferiprone Usefulness

A

oral antidote for Iron OD

25
Q

Deferiprone Side Effects

A

may scavenge iron from tissuse: cause iron deficiency

26
Q

Deferasirox Mechanism

A

Chelates iron 3+

27
Q

Deferasirox Usefulness

A

oral antidote for Iron OD

28
Q

Deferasirox Side Effects

A

Scavenge Iron from tissues: cause Iron deficiency

29
Q

B12 Deficiency Cause

A

Lack absorption

pernicious anemia

30
Q

B12 Deficiency Side Effects

A

Megaloblastic anemia

low Methionine: neural tube defects

ataxia, spasticity, CNS Dysfunction

Glossitis, Depression

31
Q

B12 in diet

A

Meat
Eggs
Dairy

32
Q

B12 diet usefulness

A

B12 deficiency

Macrocytic anemia

33
Q

Cyanocobalamin Mechanism of Action

A

IM B12 Injection

34
Q

Cyanocobalamin usefulness

A

Pernicious Anemia
Gastric bypass surgery
Crohn disease
Long term Metformin use
Vegans
H. Pylori

35
Q

Cyanocobalamin Side Effects

A

Itching
Erythema
Wheals

36
Q

Hydroxoxobalamin mechanism

A

IM B12 injection

monthly

37
Q

Hydroxocobalamin Usefulness

A

Macrocytic anemia
B12 malabsorption

38
Q

Hydroxocobalamin side effects

A

Rash
Itch
Fever
Nausea
Dizziness
Rigors
Hot Flushes

39
Q

Causes of Folate Deficiency

A

Diet
Pregnant
Alcoholic
Dialysis
Malabsorption
Drugs

40
Q

What Drugs can cause Folate Deficiency

A

Methotrexate
TMP
Pyrimethamine
Phenytoin

41
Q

What does Folate Deficiency Cause

A

Macrocytic anemia: No neurotoxicity

42
Q

Dietary Folate Sources

A

Green Veggies
beans
grains
liver

43
Q

Oral Folate Mechanism

A

1mg/day prenatal vitamins

44
Q

Oral Folate Usefuleness

A

replacement therapy

pregnant
hemolytic anemia
alcholicism
liver disease
skin disease
dialysis

45
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia

A

BM produces ringed sideroblasts not erythrocytes

Iron in mito forms ring around nucleus

46
Q

Drugs that can cause Sideroblastic anemia

A

Ethanol

Isoniazid (INH): through B6 deficiency

47
Q

Drugs to avoid in G6PD Deficiency

A

anti-malarials: Quinine, Primaquine

Sulfa Abx: Dapsone

Quinidine

INH

Nitrofurantoin

48
Q

Drugs that Decrease blood cells: agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine

PTU

Methimazole

49
Q

Drugs that decrease blood cells: aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

Carbamazepine

50
Q

Drugs that decrease Blood Cells: Neutropenia

A

Cytotoxic agents

ticlopidine

Ganciclovir

51
Q

Drugs that can reduce folate levels

A

Phenytoin

Methotrexate
TMP
Pyrimethamine
Proguanil

52
Q

Type I Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin Induced: aggregation of platelets with drug

53
Q

Type II Thrombocytopenia

A

immune-mediated platelet inactivation

5-14 days after administration

discontinue drug: give DTI

caused: Pen/Sulfas, Quinine

54
Q

What drug causes Coombs-Positive Hemolytic Anemia

A

Methyldopoa: a2 agonist

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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