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Pharmacology > Heme/Onc Review > Flashcards

Heme/Onc Review Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-Platelet Drug Categories

A

TXA2-Ibhibitors

PDE-Inhibitors

ADP-R Blockers

GPIIb/IIIa Blockers

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2
Q

TXA2 Synthesis Inhibitors

A

Aspirin

Irreversible cox-inhibitors

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3
Q

PDE-Inhibitor Drugs

A

Cilostazol
Dipyridamole

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4
Q

PDE-Inhibitor Mechanism

A

Decrease cAMP, decrease Ca and decrease platelet activation

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5
Q

What is Cilostazol the drug of choise for

A

Intermittent Claudication

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6
Q

ADP-R Blocker Drugs

A

Ticlopidine
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticagrelor (reversible)

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7
Q

Ticlopidine side effects:

A

Neutropenia

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8
Q

ADP-R blocker prodrugs

A

Clopidogrel and Prasugrel

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9
Q

GPIIb/IIIa Blocker Drugs

A

Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban

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10
Q

GPIIb/IIIa blocker drug actions

A

block Receptors to prevent fibrin aggregation

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11
Q

Anti-Coagulant Drug Classes

A

Factor X Inhibitors
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Heparins

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12
Q

Heparin Drugs

A

Activate Anti-thrombin III
Inhibit Factor Xa

LMWH: have more action at Factor X

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13
Q

Heparin Drugs

A

unfractionated
LMWH: Enoxaparin
Fondaparinux

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14
Q

Antidote for Heparin Overdose

A

Protamine

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15
Q

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Drugs

A

Dabigatran
Argatroban
Bivalirudin
Lepirudin

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16
Q

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Antidote

A

Idarucizumab

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17
Q

Treat Iron Deficiency

A

Ferrous Iron

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18
Q

Iron OD Antidote

A

Deferoxamine

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19
Q

What drug is known to cause Siderblastic Anemia

A

Isoniazide
used for TB

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20
Q

How do you treat B6 deficiency

A

Pyridoxine

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21
Q

Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Hydroxyurea: Increase HbF

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22
Q

What can cause G6PD deficiency

A

SMX-TMP

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23
Q

Causes of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

A

Methyldopa: DAT +

Zidovudine: Renal failure

Epoetein Alfa?

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24
Q

What causes megaloblastic anemia

A

B12 deficiency
folate deficiency

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25
Q

How can you treat B12 deficiency

A

Hydroxycobalamin

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26
Q

what causes folate deficiency

A

DHFRI, Phenytoin

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27
Q

Growth Factor Drugs in Anemia

A

Epoietin Alpha
Filgrastim
Romiplostin
Eltrombopag

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28
Q

Epoietin Alpha

A

used in chronic kidney disease patients

Erythropoietin: stimulate RBC production

monitor HgB and HTN

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29
Q

Filgrastim

A

G-CSF

used for autologous stem cell reinfusion

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30
Q

Romiplostim

A

TPO analog: stimulates platelets

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31
Q

Eltrombopag

A

TPO-R agonist used to stimulate platelets in ITP

32
Q

Cell-Cycle Specific Drug Classes

A

Antimetabolites
Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Microtubule Inhibitors
Miscellaneous: Bleomycin, Hydroxyurea

33
Q

Antimetabolite drugs

A

S Phase Specific
Pyrimidine analogs
Purine Analogs
DHFR Inhibitors
Hydroxyurea

34
Q

Pyrimidine Analog drugs

A

S Phase Specific
5-FU
Cytarabine

DOC for colorectal cancer

35
Q

Purine Analogs

A

S Phase Specific
6-MP/Azathoprine
–interact with allopurinol/febuxostat

Cladribine

36
Q

Cladribine is the DOC for what

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

37
Q

DHFR Inhibitor

A

S Phase Specific
Methotrexate

Cause: myelosuppression, stomatitis, hepatotoxic, acute kidney injury

38
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

S Phase Specific
Inhibit Ribonucleotide reductase

treat sickle cell anemia

39
Q

Topoisomerase Inhibitor Drugs

A

S and G2 phase specific

Topoisomease I inhibitors
Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

40
Q

Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Drugs

A

S and G2 Phase specific

Topotecan
Irinotecan

Cause BM suppression and Diarrhea

41
Q

Topoisomerase II Inhibitor Drugs

A

S and G2 Phase Specific

Etoposide
Teniposide

42
Q

Microtubule Targeting Agents

A

M-Phase Specific

Vinca Alkaloids
Taxanes

43
Q

Vinca Alkaloid Drugs

A

M Phase specific
(-) beta tubulin polymerization and mitotic spindle formation

Vincristine: peripheral neuropathies
Vinblastin: BM suppression

44
Q

Taxanes

A

M-Phase Specific

Hyperstabilize microtubules

Paclitaxel
Docetaxel

45
Q

Bleomycin

A

G2 specific
form free radicals and break DNA strands

cause pulmonary fibrosis
skin hyperpigmentation
minimal Myelosuppression

46
Q

Cell-Cycle Non-Specific Drugs

A

Typical Alkylating Agents

Atypical Alkylating Agents

47
Q

Typical Alkylating Agents

A

Cyclophosphamide/Ifosphamide
Busulfan
Procarbazine/Dacarbazine

48
Q

Cyclophosphamide/Ifosphamide Adverse

A

Hemorrhagic Cystitis
MESNA

49
Q

Busulfan Adverse

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

50
Q

Atypical Alkylating Agents

A

Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Carmustine/Lomustine

51
Q

Cisplatin/Carboplatin Adverse

A

Nephrotoxic: add amifostine
Ototoxic
Peripheral Neuropathy

52
Q

Carmustine/Lomustine

A

Cross BBB: DOC for Brain cancer

53
Q

Anti-cancer Abx

A

Anthracyclines-Rubicins

Daunorubicins
Doxorubicins
Dactinomycin
Bleomycin

54
Q

Anthracyclin Side Effects

A

Cardiotoxic: Biventricular Heart Failure

55
Q

What can you add to Anthracyclins to help protect heart

A

Dexrazoxane: Chelates Fe

56
Q

Dexrazoxane

A

Iron Chelator
Extravasation protection
cardioprotective

57
Q

Amifostine

A

Cellular free radical scavenger
kidney protection against Platin Drugs

58
Q

Ondansetron/Palonosetron

A

5-HT3 antagonist for N/V

59
Q

Aprepitant

A

NK-1 blocker for N/V

60
Q

Metoclopramide

A

D2 Antagonist for N/V

61
Q

How to Treat Hyperuricemia in Tumor Lysis Syndrome

A

Rasburicase
Allopurinol (prophylaxis)

62
Q

How to Treat Hyperkalemia in Tumor Lysis Syndrome

A

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
–Iron exchange Resin

63
Q

Treatments for ER+ Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women

A

Tamoxifen is drug of choice
ovarian ablation, leuprolide

64
Q

Treatment for ER+ Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women

A

Aromatase Inhibitors D.O.C.
-Anastozole
-Letrozole
-Exemestane
-Tamoxifen

65
Q

Treatment of HER2+ Breast Cancer

A

Trastuzumab
Lapatinib

66
Q

Treat Prostate Cancer

A

LHRH Agonists
-Leuprolide, Goserelin

Antiandrogen: Flutamide

67
Q

Imatinib

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

BCR-ABL: Philly Chromosome in CML

68
Q

Lapatinib

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

HER1/2 in Metastatic Breast Cancer

69
Q

Erlotinib

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

(-)EGFR in small cell lung cancer

70
Q

Vemurafenib

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

BRAF V600E kinase in Melanoma

71
Q

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Adverse

A

fluid retention

72
Q

Bevacizumab

A

mAB against VEGF

(-) angiogenesis

for metastatic colon cancer

cause GI perforation/Fistula

73
Q

Trastuzimab

A

mAB against HER2

For Breast Cancer

cardiotoxic

74
Q

Rituximab

A

mAB against CD20

For NHL

Cause PML

75
Q

Cetuximab

A

mAB against EGFR

For Colorectal Cancer

76
Q

Bortezomin/Carfilzomib

A

“Mib” Drugs

Proteasome Inhibitors for Multiple MyelomaP

77
Q

albociclib

A

CDK4/6 inhibitors

for HER2-Negative, ER+ advanced breast cancer

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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