Buccal Cavity Infections I (6)

Question 1

Wooden tongue is [hard tissues getting softer / soft tissues getting harder]

Answer 1

soft tissue getting harder

Question 2

Lumpy Jaw is [hard tissues getting softer / soft tissues getting harder]

Answer 2

hard tissues getting softer

Question 3

What is wooden tongue caused by?

Answer 3

actinobacillus lignieresii

Question 4

What are the 3 actinobacillus species that cause major diseases in animals?

Answer 4

A. pleuropneumoniae

A. equuli

A. lignieresii

Question 5

A. pleuropneumoniae causes ______

Answer 5

severe respiratory disease in swine that often results in high mortality

Question 6

A. equuli causes ______

Answer 6

septicemia and pneumonia in foals as well as adult horses

Question 7

A. lignieresii causes ______

Answer 7

“wooden tongue” in ruminants— abscesses in the tongue that hinder the ability of the animal to eat

Question 8

How do you treat actinobacillus cases?

Answer 8

swine and horses: antibiotics

ruminants: sodium iodide

Question 9

Which species does A. lignieresii cause disease primarily in?

Answer 9

mainly cattle

but other animals like sheep, horses, pigs, and dogs can get this

Question 10

Actinobacillus is gram-[positive/negative] [bacilli/cocci/coccobacilli]

Answer 10

gram-negative

coccobacilli

Question 11

What is the primary lesion with A. lignieresii infection in cattle associated with?

Answer 11

a very hard, diffusely swollen tongue

Question 12

The diffusely swollen tongue of A. lignieresii leads to ______

Answer 12

excessive salivation

inability to prehend food normally

sometimes a visibly enlarged tongue that protrudes from the mouth

Question 13

Wooden tongue has characteristic _______ embedded in the tongue

Answer 13

large granulomas

Question 14

How does wooden tongue enter the body?

Answer 14

it is actually part of the normal mucosal flora of the upper GI tract

Question 15

How does wooden tongue invade the body?

Answer 15

normally invades the skin through a wound or minor trauma caused by sticks, straw, or barley awns

Question 16

How does A. lignieresii (wooden tongue) multiply/spread? It causes ______

Answer 16

spread via lymphatics to other tissues

causes localized infections

can also cause pyogranulomatous lesions in soft tissues associated with the head, neck, limbs, and occasionally the lungs, pleura, udder, and SQ tissue

Question 17

What are the symptoms of wooden tongue?

Answer 17

inability to eat/drink

drooling

painful and swollen tongue

ulcers on tongue

rapid loss of condition

may occasionally die from starvation and thirst in the acute stages

Question 18

As wooden tongue becomes chronic, what happens?

Answer 18

fibrous tissue is deposited

the tongue becomes shrunken and immobile

Question 19

In wooden tongue, local lymph nodes may be enlarged, and abscesses may form and discharge creamy pus, which may contain _______

Answer 19

granules

Question 20

Confirmatory diagnosis of wooden tongue requires _____ and _____ of the lesion

Answer 20

culture

biopsy

Question 21

A. lignieresii is a [facultative/obligate] [aerobe/anaerobe]

Answer 21

facultative anaerobe

Question 22

What does A. lignieresii grow on?

Answer 22

MacConkey agar

blood agar plate

Question 23

For wooden tongue, gross pathology generally revealed a _________

Answer 23

firm, pale tongue containing multifocal nodules

Question 24

The nodules on wooden tongue are often filled with what?

Answer 24

thick, yellow-white pus

Question 25

In wooden tongue, pus from the abscesses crushed between two glass slides may show what?

Answer 25

club-like spicules of calcium phosphate

Question 26

In wooden tongue, histologically, the primary lesion is a ________

Answer 26

granulomatous abscess

Question 27

T/F: There are reliable serologic tests available for actinobacillosis, and the hematologic and clinical chemistry findings are generally abnormal

Answer 27

FALSE - not reliable and findings are normal

Question 28

What are these? Which bacteria?

Answer 28

club colonies

actinobacillosis

Question 29

What is treatment for actinobacillosis ligneriesii?

Answer 29

sodium iodine - treatment of choice

systemic antibacterial agents

Question 30

How do you prevent wooden tongue?

Answer 30

avoiding coarse, stemmy feedstuffs and pastures full of hard, penetrating plant awns (foxtails or thistles)

Question 31

What is lumpy jaw caused by? (etiologic agent)

Answer 31

actinomycosis bovis

Question 32

What is lumpy jaw?

Answer 32

a localized, chronic, progressive, granulomatous abscess that most frequently involves the mandible, maxillae, or other bony tissues in the head

Question 33

A. bovis has been isolated from nodular abscesses in the ____ of cattle

Answer 33

lungs

Question 34

Which disease is this?

Answer 34

actinomycosis bovis

• typical enlargement of the mandible
• mandibular lesion of suppurative and proliferative osteomyelitis

Question 35

What is the entry of A. bovis?

Answer 35

A. bovis is part of the normal oral flora of ruminants

Question 36

How does A. bovis invade the body?

Answer 36

introduced to underlying soft tissue via penetrating wounds of the oral mucosa from wire or coarse hay or sticks

Question 37

How does lumpy jaw spread?

Answer 37

primary lesion appears as a slow-growing, firm mass that is attached to, or part of the mandible

Question 38

What does Actinomycosis bovis require to be confirmed by a culture?

Answer 38

requires anaerobic conditions

Question 39

A. bovis is gram-[positive/negative]

Answer 39

gram-negative

has club-shaped rods and filaments (sulfur granules)

Question 40

How do you treat lumpy jaw?

Answer 40

sodium iodide - treatment of choice

current administration of antimicrobials, etc

Question 41

How do you prevent lumpy jaw?

Answer 41

avoid corse, stemmy feeds or feeds with plants awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium

Question 42

Osteomyelitis is common is [actinobacillus lignieresii / actinomyces bovis]

Answer 42

actinomyces bovis