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Bacteriology & Mycology > Liver Infections I (18) > Flashcards

Liver Infections I (18) Flashcards

1
Q

Liver abscess and _____ are often used synonymously

A

liver necrobacillosis

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2
Q

What is a liver abscess?

A

morphologic diagnosis (based on lesions)

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3
Q

What is liver necrobacillosis?

A

etiologic diagnosis

refer to abscesses cause by fusobacterium necrophorum

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4
Q

What is the most common isolated pathogen from liver abscesses?

A

fusobacterium necrophorum

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5
Q

What is the most common etiology of liver abscesses?

A

fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum

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6
Q

What is the epidemiology of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

in grain-fed cattle - secondary to rumenitis

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7
Q

What are clinical findings of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

most infections subclinical
may be associated with abdominal pain
importance is in slaughter condemnation of affected organs and negative effects on feed efficiency

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8
Q

What are the properties of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

gram-negative
non-spore forming
rod-shaped
filamentous
anaerobic but aerotolerant organism

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9
Q

T/F: Fusobacterium necrophorum is a normal inhabitant of ruminal oral cavity and upper digestive and respiratory tract

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What diseases does fusobacterium necrophorum cause?

A

hepatic necrobacillosis
digital necrobacillosis (foot rot)
oral/laryngeal necrobacillosis of calves

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11
Q

Which bacteria has biotypes?

A

fusobacterium necrophorum

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12
Q

What are the 4 biotypes of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

A
B
AB
C

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13
Q

Which biotypes are the most relevant in etiology of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

A and B

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14
Q

What is biotype A?

A

fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum

*more common and isolated in pure culture

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15
Q

What is biotype B?

A

f. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

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16
Q

What is the second most common pathogen isolated from liver abscesses in cattle?

A

trueperella pyogenes

17
Q

What are the properties of t. pyogenes?

A

gram-positive
rod-shaped
facultative anaerobe

18
Q

How does t. pyogenes promote growth by f. necrophorum?

A

synergistically

using oxygen to create an anaerobe environment
provide iron for growth through its hemolytic activity

19
Q

What does fusobacterium necrophorum have that protects t. pyogenes? From what?

A

leukotoxin

against phagocytosis

20
Q

Where is fusobacterium necrophorum significant?

A

economically in grain-fed cattle where it occurs secondary to rumenitis

21
Q

How does fusobacterium necrophorum opportunistically infect the host?

A

is normally part of normal flora of upper GI and respiratory tract

uses lactate as the major sugar substrate, and its numbers in the rumen increase with a change from roughage to high grain diets

22
Q

Infections to the liver requires what?

A

a predisposing injury at the primary site of infection

23
Q

What are the virulence factors of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

lipopolysaccharide - endotoxin
leukotoxin - cytotoxic to ruminant neutrophils, macrophages, hepatocytes, and rumen epithelial cells
hemagglutinin
hemolysin

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A
25
Q

A cow was observed to be grunting in the field and had a drastic drop in milk production. It had no other clinical signs. It randomly died one day, and necropsy findings showed liver abscesses, lesions deep in the parenchyma. What bacteria likely caused this?

A

fusobacterium necrophorum

26
Q

What are clinical findings of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A
27
Q

What is the clinical pathology associated with fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

leukocytosis with marked neutrophilic may be present with large or multiple abscesses

28
Q

What is a poor indicator of abscesses regarding fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

clinical chemistry and liver function tests

ultrasound can be used though!

29
Q

How do you confirm diagnosis of fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

swab of abscess or tissue sample from deep edge of lesion for anaerobic culture

30
Q

If t. pyogenes regarding fusobacterium necrophorum is also involved, how do you confirm diagnosis?

A
31
Q

How do you treat liver abscesses?

A

in feedlot cattle - not clinical an don’t routinely treated

32
Q

How do you control and prevent rumenitis?

A

feed management, prophylactic antimicrobials, and vaccination

33
Q

What is the primary control of rumenitis?

A

by managing ruminal acidosis through the method of feed management

tylosin phosphate

vaccine

Bacteriology & Mycology (39 decks)

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