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Bacteriology & Mycology > Infections of the Urogenital System III (15) > Flashcards

Infections of the Urogenital System III (15) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent for Enzootic Abortion of Ewes? (EAE)

A

chlamydia abortus

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of chlamydia abortus?

A

spherical intracellular bacteria
stained with MZN and Giemsa
energy parasites cannot synthesize ATP

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3
Q

Where in the body does chlamydia produce disease?

A

respiratory
enteric
reproductive tracts

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4
Q

What is the infectious form of chlamydia?

A

elementary bodies (remember this from previous lectures)

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5
Q

What is the reproductive form of chalmydia?

A

reticular bodies

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6
Q

What is the usual habitat of chlamydia?

A

GI tract

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7
Q

How does chlamydia remain in the environment for a while?

A

fecal shedding of organisms - prolonged and becomes intermittent with time

EBs can survive in the environment for several days

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8
Q

How does infection occur in Enzootic Abortion of Ewes?

A

infection occurs by ingestion

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9
Q

When does abortion occur in Enzootic Abortion of Ewes?

A

infection early in pregnancy

those infected late in pregnancy do not usually abort but may do so in next pregnancy

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10
Q

Ewe lambs can acquire infection when? What happens?`

A

acquire infection during neonatal period

abort during their first pregnancy

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11
Q

What is the pathogenesis of EAE?

A

detectable at about day 90 of gestation

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12
Q

What does chlamydia abortus target?

A

the trophoblast layer, giving rise to inflammation, thrombotic vasculitis and tissue necrosis in the placenta

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13
Q

Abortion from EAE is considered to result from what?

A

reduced efficiency of fetal-maternal exchange

disruption of placental endocrine function

disruption of immunological balance between fetus and dam

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14
Q

What are clinical signs of EAE?

A

characterized by abortion during late pregnancy or the birth of premature weak lambs

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15
Q

In Enzootic Abortion of Ewes, aborted lambs are ______

A

developed and fresh

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16
Q

What is present in affected placenta regarding infection by chlamydia abortus in EAE?

A

necrosis of cotyledons and edema of adjacent intercotyledonary tissue

dirty pink uterine exudate

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17
Q

What is interesting regarding ewe fertility and clinical signs when infected with Enzootic Abortion of Ewes?

A

fertility is NOT usually impaired

rarely show evidence of clinical disease

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18
Q

What are diagnostic features of EAE?

A

well-preserved aborted lambs

evidence of necrotic placentitis

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19
Q

Large numbers of ____ in EAE be demonstrated in placental smears using suitable staining procedures?

A

elementary bodies

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20
Q

If using what, care must be taken to avoid confusing chlamydial elementary bodies with coxiella burnetti which also causes abortion and has similar staining properties

A

MZN staining

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21
Q

What are some diagnostic procedures for EAE?

A

isolation of chlamydiae in suitable cell lines

PCR tests are available that can be carries

serological tests like complement fixation test, ELISA< and indirect immunofluorescent

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22
Q

What is treatment of EAE?

A

susceptible to a number of antibiotics which can be used during an outbreak

long-acting oxytetracycline

23
Q

How do you control EAE?

A

isolating all aborted ewes 2-3 weeks, removing and destroying all placentas

live attenuated vaccine

inactivated vaccine

24
Q

What are the properties of corynebacterium species?

A

small, gram-positive, catalase-positive, non-spore forming facultative anaerobes

pleomorphic

25
Q

Most pathogenic members of corynebacterium species are _____-positive

A

urease

26
Q

What is the habitat for corynebacterium?

A

many are commensals on mucus membranes

27
Q

In older cultures of corynebacterium renale, what happens?

A

older cultures have more pronounced pleomorphism and coccal forms become more common (48 hr culture)

28
Q

What is bovine cystitis?

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder of cattle that may ascend the ureters to cause infection of the kidneys (pyelonephritis)

often seen after parturition

29
Q

What is true of ANY member of the corynebacterium renale group?

A

ANY member can cause cystitis

most severe form is associated with c. cystitis

30
Q

What causes the most severe form of cystitis?

A

c. cyctitidis

31
Q

What contributes to the formation of bovine cystitis and/or pyelonephritis?

A

stresses of parturition
peak lactation
high-protein diet

32
Q

During a cow necropsy, his kidneys (left) were examined and compared with kidneys on the right. What likely caused this, and which form is acute versus chronic?

A

left: has chronic polynephritis caused by corynebacterium renale group

right: acute form

33
Q

What is the first sign of bovine pyelonephritis?

A

passage of blood-stained urine in an otherwise normal cow

34
Q

What indicates pain in bovine pyelonephritis?

A

restlessness and kicking of abdomen

35
Q

What is the diagnosis of bovine pyelonephritis?

A

thickened ureters and enlarged kidneys (by rectal palpation)
RBCs and protein in urine

36
Q

What is confirmatory of bovine polynephritis?

A

culture of c. renale from urinary deposits, in association with clinical signs

37
Q

Maybe look at this table?

A
38
Q

What corynebacterium is distinctly yellow?

A

c. pilosum

39
Q

Which corynebacterium is this?

A

c. renale

40
Q

What is treatment for bovine pyelonephritis?

A

antibiotic therapy based on susceptibility testing early in the course of the disease?

penicillin is particularly effective

41
Q

What is the word for pizzle rot?

A

ulcerative (enzootic) balanoposthititis

42
Q

What is ulcerative balanoposthitis?

A

principally a disease of sheep; occasionally seen in goats and cattle

43
Q

What is the causative agent for ulcerative balanoposthitis?

A

corynebacterium renale

44
Q

What happens in urea when protein intake is high?

A

urinary urea concentration increases

45
Q

Hydrolysis of urea by c. renale results in what? What does it cause clinical sign-wise?

A

local production of large quantities of ammonia
believed to irritate the penis
lamina interna of the prepuce, skin surrounding the preputial orifice

46
Q

Ulcerative balanoposthitis is more common in what?

A

male castrates, because of hypo plastic nature of the penis

47
Q

What are clinical signs of ulcerative balanoposthitis in MILD cases?

A

signs are limited to swelling of prepuce

48
Q

What are clinical signs of ulcerative balanoposthitis in SEVERE cases?

A

sweeping and inflammation interfere with urination and result in straining - which needs to be differentiated from urolithiasis

49
Q

Ulcerative balanoposthitis is characterized by what?

A

ulceration around the preputial orifice, with brownish crust developing over the lesion

50
Q

What happens in ulcerative balanoposthitis in untreated cases?

A

total occlusion of preputial orifice

51
Q

A goat is experiencing preputial swelling. There is brownish crust developing over the lesion. What likely caused this - list disease and causative agent.

A

corynebacterium renale
“pizzle rot”
Ulcerative balanoposthitis

52
Q

What is treatment and control of ulcerative balanoposthitis?

A
53
Q

C. renale commonly causes ____ and _____

A

bovine pyelonephritis
balanoposthitis

Bacteriology & Mycology (39 decks)

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