Gastrointestinal Infections IV (23)

Question 1

What is the etiology of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy?

Answer 1

lawsonia intracellularis

Question 2

What are the signs of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy?

Answer 2

diarrhea, weight loss, inappetence, may recover outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and rapid death in feeder pigs

Question 3

Who does porcine proliferative enteropathy affect?

Answer 3

growing-finishing pigs and young breeding pigs

Question 4

What is porcine proliferative enteropathy characterized by?

Answer 4

hyperplasia and inflammation of the jejunum, cecum, and colon

Question 5

Lawsonia intracellularis is [intracellular/extracellular]

Answer 5

intracellular

Question 6

What is special about lawsonia intracellularis cultivation?

Answer 6

it has been cultivated only in cell cultures

Question 7

How is lawsonia intracellularis visualized?

Answer 7

apical cytoplasm of proliferative enterocytes

Question 8

How is lawsonia intracellularis transmitted?

Answer 8

probably fecal-oral

Question 9

What is the pathogenesis of lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 9

occurs freely in cytoplasm of enterocytes

infected cells fail to mature and continue to replicate, resulting in a proliferative enteropathy

Question 10

What are the clinical findings of porcine proliferative enteropathy? Which one is most common?

Answer 10

non-hemorrhagic form
hemorrhagic form

non-hemorrhagic form

Question 11

A necropsy of swine shows these lesions in the small intestine (d and e) and ileum (f). Which two are the chronic form and hemorrhagic i.e. acute form?

What is the causative agent and disease?

Answer 11

d: chronic form
e: hemorrhagic

porcine proliferative enteropathy

lawsonia intracellularis

Question 12

A pig has characteristic proliferation and branching of crypt epithelium with loss of villous architecture. What is the disease and causative agent?

Answer 12

porcine proliferative enteropathy

lawsonia intracellularis

Question 13

A pig has thickened and corrugated ill mucosa with a thick luminal blood clot. What is the disease and causative agent? Describe specifically the form

Answer 13

porcine proliferative enteropathy - hemorrhagic form

lawsonia intracellularis

Question 14

Confirmation of lawsonia intracellularis is based on _____

Answer 14

histologic observation of characteristic proliferation of mucosal crypts

immunohistochemistry

PCR is also useful

Question 15

How do you treat lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 15

antimicrobials can be administered parenterally to acutely affected pigs

commerical vaccines

Question 16

What is the causative agent of Equine Proliferative Enteropathy? Who does it affect?

Answer 16

lawsonia intracellularis

foals

Question 17

What are the signs of Equine Proliferative Enteropathy?

Answer 17

outbreaks of diarrhea, rapid weight loss, colic, lethargy, subcutaneous edema, and protein-losing enteropathy in weaning foals

Question 18

What is this image showing? What disease and causative agent?

Answer 18

Equine Proliferative Enteropathy - lawsonia intracellularis

shows severe weight loss
thickening of the small intestinal wall

Question 19

Who are the most common horses to be affected with Equine Proliferative Enteropathy?

Answer 19

4-6 months

Question 20

Because of a foal’s debilitated state, they are now predisposed to _______

Answer 20

predisposed to secondary GI, skin, and respiratory infections

Question 21

T/F: Morbidity and mortality rates are high in Equine Proliferative Enteropathy

Answer 21

FALSE - low if animals are treated appropriately, although sudden death has even reported

Question 22

How do you treat Equine Proliferative Enteropathy?

Answer 22

oxytetracycline followed by doxycycline has been successful

mild cases respond to oral doxycycline alone

Question 23

What is swine dysentery?

Answer 23

muco-hemorrhagic diarrheal disease in pigs

limited to large intestine

Question 24

Where in the body is swine dysentery limited to?

Answer 24

large intestine

Question 25

What are the etiologic agent(s) for swine dysentery?

Answer 25

brachyspiral hyodysenteriae

two more agents: B. hampsonii and B. suanatina

Question 26

All three of the spirochetes for swine dysentery produce what? Under what conditions?

Answer 26

strong beta hemolysis

when cultivated on blood agar under anaerobic incubation conditions

Question 27

What is transmission for swine dysentery?

Answer 27

fecal-oral

Question 28

What does brachyspira cause regarding swine dysentery in the large intestine?

Answer 28

degeneration and inflammation of the superficial mucosa

hypersecretion of mucus

multifocal hemorrhages on mucosal surface

decreased ability of the mucosa to reabsorb endogenous secretions - results in diarrhea

Question 29

How does swine dysentery result in diarrhea?

Answer 29

decreased ability of the mucosa to reabsorb endogenous secretions

Question 30

What are clinical signs of swine dysentery?

Answer 30

anorexia and passage of soft feces

diarrhea increases in severity and quickly becomes mucohemorrhagic with copious mucus and frank blood

marked weight loss

Question 31

How do you confirm diagnosis of swine dysentery?

Answer 31

demonstration of typical histologic lesions in the large intestine

isolation of strongly beta-hemolytic brachyspira by anaerobic culture

Question 32

While PCR assays are available for many agents of swine dysentery, _____ is preferred

Answer 32

bacterial culture

Question 33

How do you treat swine dysentery? Control?

Answer 33

antimicrobials - start early

minimum inhibitory concentration testing recommended because of resistance

Question 34

Who are important reservoirs for brachyspira spp.?

Answer 34

rodents and waterfowl