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Bacteriology & Mycology > Infections of the Urogenital System IV (16) > Flashcards

Infections of the Urogenital System IV (16) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphology of campylobacter spp.?

A

gram-negative, slender, curved, rods in gull-winged shapes and spiral forms

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2
Q

What are the shape of the rods of campylobacter spp.?

A

gull-winged shapes and spiral forms

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3
Q

Differentiate the subspecies of campylobacter species

A
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4
Q

What are the subspecies of campylobacter?

A

C. fetus subsp. venerealis - bovine repro tract
C. fetus subsp. fetus - goats, sheep, cattle
C. jejuni - birds and mammals

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5
Q

Which c. fetus subspecies is resistant to nalidixic acid?

A

c. fetus subsp. venerealis

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6
Q

Which c. fetus subspecies is variable to nalidixic acid?

A

c. fetus subsp. fetus

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7
Q

Which c. fetus subspecies is variable to susceptibility to nalidixic acid?

A

c. fetus subsp. fetus

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8
Q

Which c. fetus subspecies is susceptible to cephalothin?

A

c. fetus subspecies veneralis
c. fetus subspecies fetus

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9
Q

Which c. fetus subspecies is resistant to cephalothin?

A

c. jejuni subsp. jejuni

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10
Q

What do campylobacter species thrive in?

A

survives moist conditions
some strains tolerate cold
remains viable in - feces, milk, water, vaginal discharges, poultry litter

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11
Q

How does campylobacter fetus invade the body? (What species structures does it possess)?

A

possesses a microcapsule S layer that consists of high-molecular-weight proteins arranged in lattice formation

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12
Q

What does the S layer confer resistance to?

A

serum-mediated destruction and phagocytosis

enhances survival in the genital tract

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13
Q

How many variations of lactice proteins for campylobacter fetus are there?

A

8

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14
Q

What are other virulence factors for campylobacter fetus spp.?

A

adhesins
type IV secretion system

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15
Q

What are diagnostic procedures for campylobacter spp.?

A

require microaerophilic conditions for growth
smears stained with Dilute Carbol Fuschin (DCF)

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16
Q

What does c. fetus subsp. venerealis cause?

A

infertility in cattle

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17
Q

What causes abortion in ewes regarding campylobacter spp.?

A

c. fetus subscp. jejuni

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18
Q

What is the causative agent for Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis

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19
Q

How is Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis transmitted?

A

during coitus to susceptible cows from asymptomatic carrier bulls

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20
Q

What is Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis characterized by?

A

temporary infertility
return to estrus at irregular periods
sporadic abortion

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21
Q

After cows are infected by Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis, what happens?

A

about 1/3 of cows become carriers
persists in the vagina of the carrier cows

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22
Q

Because C. fetus subsp. venerealis persists in the vagina of carrier cows, this feature is attributed to ______

A

antigenic shifts in the immune-dominant antigens of S-layer proteins

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23
Q

How is c. fetus subsp. fetus acquired?

A

ingestion
sporadic abortions in cows

24
Q

T/F: Bulls infected with campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis are asymptomatic

A

TRUE

25
Q

How do you diagnose Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

fluorescent antibody technique (FAT)

26
Q

What is confirmatory of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

isolation and identification of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis from vaginal or preputial mucus

27
Q

How do you treat Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

dihydrostreptomycin - in prepuce and used for treating bulls
- intrauterine administration

VACCINATION (bacteria) and AI for control

28
Q

What is the causative agent for Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

c. fetus subsp. fetus
c. jejuni

29
Q

What is the most common cause of ovine abortion in some countries?

A

Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis

30
Q

Regarding Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis, what is now widespread in the USA?

A

emergence of single tetracycline-resistant clone of c. jejuni

31
Q

How is c. jejuni transmitted regarding Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

fecal-oral route

32
Q

During pregnancy, regarding Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis, what occurs, following bacteremia?

A

localization in the uterus of susceptible ewes

33
Q

What else occurs in Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis that subsequently follows?

A

necrotic placentitis - leads to abortion in pregnancy, or in stillborns or weak lambs

34
Q

What signals a diagnosis of Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

round necrotic lesions - up to 2cm in diameter with pale, raised rims and dark depressed centers

evident on the liver surface in some abnorted lambs

35
Q

A sheep had an abortion, and hepatic lesions were found. What is the causative agent and what disease?

A

c. jejuni

Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis

36
Q

What is pathognomonic for Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

typical hepatic lesions in aborted lambs

37
Q

How do you treat and control Ovine Genital Campylobacteriosis?

A

routine vaccination of ewes with bacterin is usually carried out immediately before and after mating, with a booster after the second month of gestation and annually thereafter

chlortetracycline administration daily in feed to control outbreaks of abortion

38
Q

What is the causative agent of cociellosis?

A

coxiella burnetii

39
Q

C. burnetii is gram-[negative/positive]

A

gram-negative

40
Q

What is coxiellosis?

A

a zoonotic bacterial infection associated primarily with parturient ruminants

41
Q

Most infections of coxiellosis in domestic animals are ______; however, ______ can be seen

A

subclinical

rare sporadic abortions in sheep, goats, and cattle

42
Q

Although an obligate intracellular pathogen, c. burnetti forms _______ during replication

A

small resistant forms

43
Q

Where does c. burnetti grow preferentially?

A

acid environment of phagolysosomes of macrophages

44
Q

How is coxiellosis primarily transmitted?

A

at parturition by inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with birth fluids or placenta - greatest risk

45
Q

Where is c. burnetti also shed in?

A

milk
urine
feces

46
Q

What are clinical signs of coxiellosis?

A

infections in ruminants is usually subclinical but can cause anorexia and late abortion

cause of infertility and sporadic abortion with a necrotizing placentitis in sheep, goats, and cattle

47
Q

Regarding coxiellosis, when infection is subclinical, animals shed much [higher/lower] bacterial loads of the organism than when abortion occurs

A

lower

48
Q

How do you diagnose coxiellosis?

A

specimens must be collected and handled with care

smears from placental tissue

smears

immunofluorescence

49
Q

When diagnosing coxiellosis, smears from ______ and uterine discharges stained by MZN method reveal what?

A

placental tissue

small clumps of red coccobacillary bodies

50
Q

What is treatment and control of coxiellosis?

A

vaccines for people and animals - NOT in US

use of tetracycline during abortion storms - sometimes

standard abortion control measures should be taken

51
Q

What causes Bovine mycotic abortion? (causative agent)

A

aspergillus spp.

52
Q

What are characteristics of bovine mycotic abortion?

A

lesions are found in the uterus, fetal membranes, and often the fetal skin

uterus: intercaruncular areas are grossly thicker, leathery, dark red to tan and contain elevated or eroded foci covered by a yellow-gray adherent pseudomembrane

maternal caruncles are dark red to brown, and the adherent fetal cotyledons are markedly thickened

cutaneous lesions in aborted fetuses

53
Q

Regarding bovine mycotic abortion, the cutaneous lesions in aborted fetuses consist of soft, red to gray, elevated, discrete foci that resemble ________

A

ringworm

54
Q

A calf was aborted and upon necropsy was said to have red to gray discrete foci that resembled ringworm. What likely caused this, and what is the causative agent?

A

bovine mycotic abortion

aspergillus spp.

55
Q

How do you diagnose aspergillus spp.?

A

hyaline, septate hyphae that branch dichotomously with a 45 degree angle

56
Q

Two wet mount slides using KOH were created, and were morphologically characterized by their hyaline, septate hyphae that branch dichotomously at a 45 degree angle. Furthermore, the sample was taken from the intracaruncular areas of the uterus. What is the causative agent most likely?

A

aspergillosis spp.

Bacteriology & Mycology (39 decks)

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