Chapter 25 - prions Flashcards

1
Q

What are prions also called?

A

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

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2
Q

Transmissible in TSE is for?

A

Ingestion, parenteral, iatrogenic, hereditary

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3
Q

Spongiform in TSE is for?

A

Diseased brain is spongelike, holes in brain

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4
Q

Encephalopathies in TSE is for?

A

No immune response, no inflammation, no antibodies

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5
Q

Where does the name for prion come from?

A

Protein infection

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6
Q

Who discovered prions?

A

Stanley B. Prusiner

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7
Q

What is notable about prions?

A

They are highly resistant, and affect humans and animals. They do not replicate - they transform. Alpha-helixes turn into beta-pleats, for example

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8
Q

What are the human TSE diseases?

A

Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), Gerstmann-Sraussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)

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9
Q

Notes about kuru?

A

Ingestion + parenteral transmission

Causes tremors, ataxia

Common in Fore tribes

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10
Q

Notes about Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

A

Also called CJD

Sporadic, iatrogenic, hereditary transmission

Causes dementia, jerking, muteness, coma

Growth hormones, corneal transplants, brain electrodes

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11
Q

Notes about Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

A

Also called vCJD

Ingestion

Behavior, psychological, delayed neurological effects

Ingestion of a mad cow

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12
Q

Notes about Gerstmann-Sraussler-Scheinker syndrome?

A

AKA GSS

Hereditary
Rare autosomal dominant

Ataxia, dementia, coma, deaths

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13
Q

Notes about fatal familial insomnia?

A

AKA FFI

Hereditary

Rare autosomal dominant

~40 families worldwide

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14
Q

What are the animal TSE diseases?

A

Scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), chronic wasting disease (CWD), transmissible mink encephalopathy, feline spongiform encephalopathy

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15
Q

What animal can get scrapie?

A

Sheep

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16
Q

What animal can get bovine spongiform encephalopathy?

A

Cows

17
Q

What animal can get chronic wasting disease?

A

Elk/deer

18
Q

What animal can get transmissible mink encephalopathy?

A

Minks

19
Q

What animal can get feline spongiform encephalopathy?

A

Felines