Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What 3 organisms are used in the disinfectant lab?
A
Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis
2
Q
What disinfectants are used in the disinfectant lab?
A
Vinegar, bleach, Purell, mouthwash, and hibiclens
3
Q
What was the growth medium for the disinfectant lab?
A
Nutrient agar
4
Q
How did we add the organisms for the disinfectant lab?
A
Pour plate
5
Q
Where does Staphylococcus epidermidis reside?
A
On the skin
6
Q
Where does Escherichia coli reside?
A
In the colon
7
Q
What organisms were used in the osmosis lab?
A
Saccharomyces cervisiae, Bacillus cereus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Serratia marcescens
8
Q
What was tested in the osmosis lab?
A
Salt and sugar
9
Q
What was used as a control in the osmosis lab?
A
Nutrient agar
10
Q
What is 1 method of food preservation?
A
Fridge/freezer or salt
11
Q
What tool do you use to perform a streak?
A
An applicator stick
12
Q
What are the purposes of heat fixing bacteria to a slide?
A
Kills the organisms and sticks the bacteria to the slide
13
Q
What are simple stains used to study?
A
Cell structure/morphology
14
Q
What organisms are used in the staining lab?
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli
15
Q
Primary stain of a Gram stain?
A
Crystal violet
16
Q
Counterstain of a Gram stain?
A
Safranin
17
Q
Mordant of a Gram stain?
A
Iodine
18
Q
Decolorizer for a Gram stain?
A
Alcohol
19
Q
After staining, gram-positive bacteria is what color?
A
Violet
20
Q
After staining, gram-negative bacteria is what color?
A
Pink
21
Q
What kingdom does Penicillium belong to?
A
Fungi
22
Q
Observe the Penicillium picture
A
Done
23
Q
What is a common name for Penicillium?
A
Mold
24
Q
What kingdom does Candida belong to?
A
Fungi
25
What does Penicillium look like?
A hand with fingers or broccoli
26
What is a common name for Candida?
Yeast
27
What kingdom does Giardia belong to?
Protista
28
Observe the Giardia pictures
Done
29
What does Giardia look like?
In the trophozoite phase, it looks like a tadpole with a smile
In the cyst stage, it looks like an egg with a smile
30
How many nuclei and flagella does Giardia have?
2 nuclei, 8 flagella
31
What kingdom does Trichomonas belong to?
Protista
32
Stages of Giardia?
Trophozoite and cyst
33
Stages of Trichomonas?
Only the trophozoite stage
34
Observe the Trichomonas picture
Done
35
What does Trichomonas look like?
Like Giardia with only 1 nucleus
36
What kingdom does Trypanosoma belong to?
Protista
37
List the fungi from the eukarya domain
Penicillium, Candida
38
List the protista from the eukarya domain
Trichomonas, Trypanosoma, Giardia
39
List the animal kingdom members from the eukarya domain
Clonorchis, Enterobius, Taenia saginata/solium, Xenopsylla, Ixodes, Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis or Pediculus Pthirus pubis, and Sarcoptes
40
What does Trypanosoma look like?
Like a tiny worm around RBCs
41
Observe the Trypanosoma image
Done
42
Notes about Trypanosoma?
Blood smear
43
Observe the Enterobius image
Done
44
What do the Enterobius look like?
Worms. Male is curved and shorter, female is longer and straighter
45
What is the common name for Enterobius?
Pin worm
46
What kingdom does Clonorchis belong to?
Animal
47
Phylum and class of Clonorchis?
Phylum - Platyhelminthes
Class - Trematoda
48
What is a common name for Clonorchis?
Liver fluke
49
What is notable about Clonorchis?
It is a hermaphrodite
50
Observe the image of Clonorchis
Done
51
What does Clonorchis look like?
A dark red oval with darker in the middle
52
What kingdom does Taenia saginata/solium belong to?
Animal kingdom
53
What phylum and class are Taenia saginata/solium?
Phylum - Platyhelminthes
Class - Cestoda
54
Observe the photos of Taenia saginata/solium
Done
55
What does Taenia saginata/solium look like?
Kinda like a hook or club
56
What is notable about Taenia saginata?
It's from beef, and only has 4 suckers
57
What is notable about Taenia solium?
It's from pork, and it has suckers and hooks
58
What kingdom does Xenopsylla belong to?
Animal
59
Phylum and class of Xenopsylla?
Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Insecta
60
Common name for Xenopsylla?
Flea
61
How many legs does Xenopsylla have?
6. ALSO its the only side view photo for the eukarya
62
Kingdom of Ixodes?
Animal
63
Phylum and class of Ixodes?
Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Arachnida
64
Observe the photo of Xenopsylla
Done
65
What does Xenopsylla look like?
A flea. Side view photo. Lighter in color
66
Observe the photo of Ixodes
Done
67
What does Ixodes look like?
A tick. 8 legs. Darker in color
68
Common name for Ixodes?
Tick
69
Kingdom of Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis?
Animal
70
Phylum and class of Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis?
Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Insecta
71
Observe the photo of Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis
Done
72
What do Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis look like?
Lice/crabs. Lighter in color
73
Common name of Pediculus humanus capitis?
Head lice
74
Common name of Pediculus humanus corporis?
Body lice
75
Common name of Pediculus Pthirus pubis?
Pubic lice/crabs
76
How many legs do Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis have?
6 legs
77
What kingdom is Sarcoptes?
Animal
78
Phylum and class of Sarcoptes?
Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Archnida
79
Observe the Sarcoptes photo
Done
80
What does Sarcoptes look like?
A mite. Lighter in color and very round
81
Common name of Sarcoptes?
Mites or scabies
82
How many legs do Sarcoptes have?
8
83
Steps of a Gram stain?
Apply crystal violet as a primary stain. Apply iodine as a mordant. Wash with alcohol as a decolorizer. Apply safranin as a counterstain. Purple slides are gram-pos, pink slides are gram-neg
84
What substance in the osmosis lab grows less organisms, and why?
Salt, because it has a higher osmotic pressure. Prof said smth about more molecules but idrk what that means just know it
85
What is osmosis?
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
86
What are halophiles?
Salt-liking organisms
87
What are saccharophiles?
Sugar-liking organisms
88
What does hypertonic mean?
Water moves out of cell and it shrinks. Higher solute concentration inside cell than outside of it
89
What does hypotonic mean?
Water moves into the cell and it swells. Lower solute concentration inside cell than outside of it
90
What does isotonic mean?
Solute concentrations inside and outside of cell are equal. Net 0 movement of water
91
What is plasmolysis?
Water passes out of cell and it shrinks
92
What is plasmoptysis?
Water enters cell and it bursts
93
Sort the osmosis lab organisms by their type.
Fungi: Penicillium chrysogenum, Saccharomyces cervisiae
Bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens
94
What are some alternate names for the disinfectant lab?
Kirby-Bauer or disk-diffusion or radial diffusion
95
What must we do while preparing the pour plate for the disinfectant lab?
Cool the nutrient agar to 45-50°C, so adding the bacteria doesn't kill them
96
How do you prepare the disinfectants for the disinfectant lab?
With clean tweezers, dip paper discs into the different types of disinfectant then lay them on the Petri dish
97
Power of the different lenses?
Scanning - 4x
Low power - 10x
High power - 40x
Oil - 100x
98
What is total magnification?
Ocular magnification (10x) x objective lens magnification (4, 10, 40, or 100x)
99
Path of light through the microscope?
Illuminator -> condenser lens -> specimen -> objective lenses -> body tube -> prism -> ocular lens -> line of vision
100
How do you properly use a microscope?
Hold it by the arm and base, set the lens to the scanning lens, and lower the stage all the way
101
How do you move the slide on the microscope?
XY knob
102
What is magnification?
Increasing the apparent size of an object
103
What is resolution?
Clarity of an image
104
What is resolving power?
The smallest separation of 2 objects we can see on a microscope, 0.2 μm
105
What is contrast?
Light and dark
106
When finding a specimen at one magnification, you increase the magnification and can still see the specimen. This means the microscope is...
Parfocal
107
What wavelength produces a greater resolution?
Shorter wavelengths
108
What organism is a red color?
Serratia marcescens
109
What organism is used to make bread?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
110
What organism can produce endospores?
Bacillus cereus
111
What organism glows or fluoresces?
Pseudomonas fluorescens
112
What organism is used as an antibiotic?
Penicillium chrysogenum
113
A stroke made with an applicator stick is called...
A streak
114
Is Escherichia coli gram-negative or positive?
Gram-negative
115
Is Staphylococcus epidermidis gram-negative or positive?
Gram-positive
116
How did we get the microbe onto the slide for the smear lab?
Using an inoculating loop
117
How do we sterilize an inoculating loop?
Over the tip of the inner flame
118
How do we heat fix a slide?
Passing the slide over the tip of the outer flame
119
If a slide appears purple after a Gram stain, what does it mean?
The organism is Gram-positive, and therefore has thick peptidoglycan
120
If a slide appears pink after a Gram stain, what does it mean?
The organism is Gram-negative, and therefore has thin peptidoglycan
121
What is essential to getting proper results in a Gram stain lab?
A fresh culture, less than 24 hours old. Old cultures may appear pink even if gram-positive
122
What does the disinfectant lab hope to measure?
The zone of inhibition - which is the area of NO growth
123
Organisms used in Gram stain lab?
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis
