Chapter 1 Collaborative

Question 1

What is microbiology?

Answer 1

The study of microorganisms too small to be seen without magnification

Question 2

What do microorganisms include?

Answer 2

Bacteria, viruses, algae, helminths (worms), fungi, protozoa

Question 3

Lifestyle of microorganisms?

Answer 3

Most live a free existence, relatively harmless, often beneficial, and many essential to life

Question 4

What are pathogens?

Answer 4

Harmful microbes. Nearly 1500 different microbes cause human disease

Question 5

What are parasites?

Answer 5

Harmful microbes that live on or in the body of a host and damage the host

Question 6

What is medical microbiology?

Answer 6

The study of how microbes affect humans

Question 7

Branches of medical microbiology?

Answer 7

Public health and epidemiology - monitor and control spread of diseases

Question 8

What is the CDC?

Answer 8

Center for disease control and prevention

Question 9

What is WHO?

Answer 9

World health organization

Question 10

What is the MMWR?

Answer 10

Morbidity and mortality weekly report

Question 11

What is biotechnology?

Answer 11

The natural abilities of microbes and how to utilize them to derive a desired product

Question 12

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 12

Altering genetic makeup of organisms to create novel microbes, plants, and animals

Question 13

What is industrial microbiology?

Answer 13

Scaling up processes of biotechnology to produce large quantities of desired products

Question 14

What is immunology?

Answer 14

The complex web of protective substances and reactions caused by invading microbes

Includes blood testing, vaccination, and allergy

Question 15

What is agricultural microbiology?

Answer 15

Studies relationships between microbes and domesticated plants and animals

Question 16

What is food microbiology?

Answer 16

The impact of microbes on food supply, including food spoilage, foodborne diseases, and production

Question 17

What are prokaryotic microbes?

Answer 17

Unicellular, lack membrane-enclosed organelles and a nucleus. Older (in history) than eukaryotes

Question 18

What are eukaryotic microbes?

Answer 18

Unicellular and multicellular, have membrane-enclosed organelles and a nucleus

Question 19

What are viruses?

Answer 19

Non-living, acellular parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and a protein. Genetic info is EITHER DNA or RNA, NOT BOTH

Question 20

What is bioremediation?

Answer 20

Using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem

Question 21

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 21

A DISPROVED early idea that some forms of life could arise from nonliving things

Such as maggots coming from dead bodies

Question 22

What is the theory of biogenesis?

Answer 22

The more recent idea that living things can only arise from other living things.

Proved by Pasteur

Question 23

What is germ theory?

Answer 23

Diseases are caused by microbes in the body, not sins, bad character, or poverty.

Proved by Pasteur

Question 24

What did Hans Christian Gram do?

Answer 24

Gram stain

Question 25

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 25

Developed pasteurization and fermentation, disproved spontaneous generation, showed microbes cause spoilage, proved theory of biogenesis, demonstrated germ theory

Question 26

What did Robert Koch do?

Answer 26

Build upon Pasteur's ideas, mostly germ theory

Question 27

What did Leeuwenhoek do?

Answer 27

Pioneered in making microscopes, one of the first to examine microbes

Question 28

What did Dr. Jenner do?

Answer 28

Father of vaccination (Smallpox and cowpox)

Question 29

What did Carl von Linne do?

Answer 29

Created formal system of taxonomy

Question 30

What did Dr. Holmes do?

Answer 30

Observed that women giving birth at home had fewer infections than those giving birth in hospitals

Question 31

What did Dr. Semmelweis do?

Answer 31

Correlated infections of women birthing in hospitals with doctors coming straight from autopsy room to maternal ward

Question 32

What did Joseph Lister do?

Answer 32

Introduced aseptic techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings. Disinfection using chemicals and heat

Question 33

What did John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn do?

Answer 33

Demonstrated presence of heat resistant forms of some microbes, known as endospores

Question 34

What is needed for sterility?

Answer 34

Elimination of all life forms including endospores, viruses, and prions

Question 35

What are endospores?

Answer 35

Heat-resistant bacteria

Question 36

What is taxonomy?

Answer 36

Organizing, classifying, and naming living things

Question 37

What is nomenclature?

Answer 37

Assigning names

Question 38

Levels of classification from broadest to most specific?

Answer 38

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, strain (extra). Dear king philip came over for good spaghetti (s)

Question 39

What is evolution?

Answer 39

Progresses toward greater complexity

Question 40

What is phylogeny?

Answer 40

Natural relatedness between groups of organisms

Question 41

3 domains of life?

Answer 41

Bacteria (prokaryotes), archaea (prokaryotes), and eukarya (eukaryotes)

Question 42

What are archaea?

Answer 42

Odd bacteria that live in extreme environments. Such as high heat or salinity