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‱‱ > Chapter 1 Collaborative > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Collaborative Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

The study of microorganisms too small to be seen without magnification

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2
Q

What do microorganisms include?

A

Bacteria, viruses, algae, helminths (worms), fungi, protozoa

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3
Q

Lifestyle of microorganisms?

A

Most live a free existence, relatively harmless, often beneficial, and many essential to life

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4
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Harmful microbes. Nearly 1500 different microbes cause human disease

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5
Q

What are parasites?

A

Harmful microbes that live on or in the body of a host and damage the host

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6
Q

What is medical microbiology?

A

The study of how microbes affect humans

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7
Q

Branches of medical microbiology?

A

Public health and epidemiology - monitor and control spread of diseases

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8
Q

What is the CDC?

A

Center for disease control and prevention

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9
Q

What is WHO?

A

World health organization

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10
Q

What is the MMWR?

A

Morbidity and mortality weekly report

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11
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

The natural abilities of microbes and how to utilize them to derive a desired product

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12
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Altering genetic makeup of organisms to create novel microbes, plants, and animals

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13
Q

What is industrial microbiology?

A

Scaling up processes of biotechnology to produce large quantities of desired products

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14
Q

What is immunology?

A

The complex web of protective substances and reactions caused by invading microbes

Includes blood testing, vaccination, and allergy

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15
Q

What is agricultural microbiology?

A

Studies relationships between microbes and domesticated plants and animals

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16
Q

What is food microbiology?

A

The impact of microbes on food supply, including food spoilage, foodborne diseases, and production

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17
Q

What are prokaryotic microbes?

A

Unicellular, lack membrane-enclosed organelles and a nucleus. Older (in history) than eukaryotes

18
Q

What are eukaryotic microbes?

A

Unicellular and multicellular, have membrane-enclosed organelles and a nucleus

19
Q

What are viruses?

A

Non-living, acellular parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and a protein. Genetic info is EITHER DNA or RNA, NOT BOTH

20
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

Using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem

21
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

A DISPROVED early idea that some forms of life could arise from nonliving things

Such as maggots coming from dead bodies

22
Q

What is the theory of biogenesis?

A

The more recent idea that living things can only arise from other living things.

Proved by Pasteur

23
Q

What is germ theory?

A

Diseases are caused by microbes in the body, not sins, bad character, or poverty.

Proved by Pasteur

24
Q

What did Hans Christian Gram do?

A

Gram stain

25
Q

What did Louis Pasteur do?

A

Developed pasteurization and fermentation, disproved spontaneous generation, showed microbes cause spoilage, proved theory of biogenesis, demonstrated germ theory

26
Q

What did Robert Koch do?

A

Build upon Pasteur’s ideas, mostly germ theory

27
Q

What did Leeuwenhoek do?

A

Pioneered in making microscopes, one of the first to examine microbes

28
Q

What did Dr. Jenner do?

A

Father of vaccination

(Smallpox and cowpox)

29
Q

What did Carl von Linne do?

A

Created formal system of taxonomy

30
Q

What did Dr. Holmes do?

A

Observed that women giving birth at home had fewer infections than those giving birth in hospitals

31
Q

What did Dr. Semmelweis do?

A

Correlated infections of women birthing in hospitals with doctors coming straight from autopsy room to maternal ward

32
Q

What did Joseph Lister do?

A

Introduced aseptic techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings. Disinfection using chemicals and heat

33
Q

What did John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn do?

A

Demonstrated presence of heat resistant forms of some microbes, known as endospores

34
Q

What is needed for sterility?

A

Elimination of all life forms including endospores, viruses, and prions

35
Q

What are endospores?

A

Heat-resistant bacteria

36
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Organizing, classifying, and naming living things

37
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

Assigning names

38
Q

Levels of classification from broadest to most specific?

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, strain (extra).
Dear king philip came over for good spaghetti (s)

39
Q

What is evolution?

A

Progresses toward greater complexity

40
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Natural relatedness between groups of organisms

41
Q

3 domains of life?

A

Bacteria (prokaryotes), archaea (prokaryotes), and eukarya (eukaryotes)

42
Q

What are archaea?

A

Odd bacteria that live in extreme environments. Such as high heat or salinity

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