Exam 3 tables Flashcards by Lmmmmm Mmmmm

What are the 3 cocci genuses?

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Neisseria

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What are the catalase test results for the Gram-positive cocci?

Neisseria gets no test since it’s Gram-negative.
Staphylococcus is catalase-positive
Streptococcus is catalase-negative

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What are the coagulase test results for Staphylococcus?

Neisseria gets no test because it is not gram-positive, and therefore, not catalase-positive.
Streptococcus gets no test because it is not catalase-positive.

Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase-positive
Staphylococcus epidermidis is coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is coagulase-negative

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Info about Staphylococcus aureus?

Gram-pos, catalase-pos, coagulase-pos, cocci

Protein A
Pyogenic diseases
Food poisoning
TSS
Scalded skin
Furuncle/carbuncle
Impetigo

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Info about Staphylococcus epidermidis?

Gram-pos, catalase-pos, coagulase-neg, cocci

Nosocomial
Normal flora enters bloodstream

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Facts about Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

Gram-pos, catalase-pos, coagulase-neg, cocci

Community-acquired UTI in sexually active young women

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Facts about Streptococcus pyogenes?

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group A-beta

M protein, 80+ types
Type-specific immunity
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal toxic shock
Necrotizing fasciitis

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Facts about Streptococcus agalactiae?

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group B-Beta

Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
Pregnant women need screening and treatment
Transmitted from vagina during delivery

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Facts about Streptococcus mutans?

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group NA-Alpha

Type of viridian streptococci
Normal on teeth, makes plaque

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Facts about Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group NA-Alpha
Common name: pneumococcus
Shape: diplococci

Pneuomonia, meningitis

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Facts about Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Gram-neg, cocci

Common name: Gonococcus
Diplococci shape

Sexual transmission
No capsule
No maltose
Fimbriae, IgA protease
Gonorrhea
Ophthalmia neonatorum

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Facts about Neisseria meningitidis?

Gram-neg, cocci

Common name: Meningococcus
Diplococci shape

Respiratory transmission
Capsule present
Maltose present
Meningitis
Meningococcemia
Bacteria in CSF

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What 3 bacteria have a common name?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Pneumococcus
Neisseria gonorrheae, or Gonococcus
Neisseria meningitidis, or Meningococcus

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What causes folliculitis?

Staphylococcus aureus

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Reservoir of folliculitis?

Humans (nose specifically)

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Transmission of folliculitis?

Contact

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Notes on folliculitis?

Staphylococcus aureus infects hairs and causes boils, or furuncles. Pus, inflamed tissue

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What causes impetigo?

Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

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Reservoir of impetigo?

Human skin

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Transmission of impetigo?

Poor skin hygiene

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Notes about impetigo?

Self-inoculation. Crusting sores

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What causes gastroenteritis/food poisoning (intoxication)

Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus (not under gastroenteritis, just food poisoning)

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Notes about gastroenteritis/food poisoning/intoxication?

Enterotoxin, short incubation period, feel effects quickly

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What causes scalded skin syndrome?

Staphylococcus aureus

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Transmission of scalded skin syndrome?

Contact

Notes about scalded skin syndrome?

Exfoliatin toxin causes fever and large amounts of skin slough, and serous fluid

What causes toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

Staphylococcus aureus

Transmission of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

Colonization of vagina and nose

Notes about toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

TSST, an exotoxin, from tampon use (in vagina or in nose) Fever, vomiting, sunburn-like rash peels Multi-organ involvement

What causes endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Reservoir of endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

Normal flora on skin and mucous membranes

Transmission of Endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

Contact transmission

Notes about Endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

Almost always nosocomial Bacteremia, biofilm on catheters Novobiocin sensitive

What causes UTI?

Escherichia coli (typical UTI), Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Notes about UTI from Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

Almost always community-acquired Common cause of UTI in sexually active young women

Cause of erysipelas?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Transmission of erysipelas?

Contact

Notes about erysipelas?

Raised rash. Mainly legs, somewhat face Like orange peel skin

Cause of necrotizing fasciitis?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Transmission of necrotizing fasciitis?

Contact

Notes about necrotizing fasciitis?

Exotoxin = protease Also an MRSA

Cause of strep throat?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Transmission of strep throat?

Respiratory droplets

Notes about strep throat?

Pharyngitis

Cause of scarlet fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Notes about scarlet fever?

Rash, erythrogenic toxin

Cause of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Notes about streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Pyogenic exotoxin Massive release of cytokines (helper T cells and macrophages)

Cause of rheumatic fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Notes about rheumatic fever?

Autoimmune complication of pharyngitis Immune system attacks heart valves Uncontrollable movements of limbs or face - chorea Antibodies attack antigens of joint, heart, and brain tissue

What causes acute glomerulonephritis?

Streptococcans pyogenes

Notes about acute glomerulonephritis?

Autoimmune complication of skin infection Hypertension, edema of face and ankles Smoky urine / hematuria Antigen-antibody complexes on the glomerular basement membrane

Cause of neonatal meningitis, sepsis?

Streptococcus agalactiae

Reservoir of streptococcus agalactiae?

Genital tract of some women

Notes about Streptococcus agalactiae?

Can be transferred to infant during delivery. Prevalent cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis Group B

What causes endocarditis and dental caries?

Streptococcus mutans

Cause of pneumococal pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Reservoir of pneumococcal pneumonia?

Human

Transmission of pneumococcal pneumonia?

Respiratory

Notes about pneumococcal pneumonia?

Not communicable Vaccine exists

Cause of pneumococcal meningitis, which is also typical meningitis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Reservoir of pneumococcal meningitis?

Human

Transmission of pneumococcal meningitis?

Respiratory

Notes about pneumococcal meningitis?

Most common bacterial cause of meningitis (typical meningitis) Capsule exists Vaccine exists

Cause of gonorrhea and PID?

Neisseria gonorrheae

Reservoir of gonorrhea?

Human

Transmission of gonorrhea?

Sexual

Notes about gonorrhea?

Gram-negative, diplococcic Fimbriae Anal, pharyngeal, and eyes effect "Silent" disease Possible PID

Cause of ophthalmia neonatorum?

Neisseria gonorrheae

Reservoir of ophthalmia neonatorum?

Human

Transmission of ophthalmia neonatorum?

Birth

Notes about ophthalmia neonatorum?

Neonatal conjunctivitis Gonorrhea in the eyes of babies

Cause of meningococcal meningitis?

Neisseria meningitidis

Reservoir of meningococcal meningitis?

Human

Transmission of meningococcal meningitis?

Respiratory

Notes about meningococcal meningitis?

Rash, meningococcal septicemia or meningococcemia Petechiae - rash of red and purple spots

3 pyogenic bacteria with capsules?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae

Types of anthrax?

Cutaneous, ingestion, pulmonary, injection

Cause of anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis

Reservoir of anthrax?

Soil

Transmission of anthrax?

Contact, ingestion, inhalation, injection

Notes about anthrax?

Gram-pos, endospore-forming, aerobic, exotoxin Cutaneous - painless ulcers Gastrointestinal - vomiting, pain, dysentery Pulmonary - "woolsorter's disease", most fatal Contaminated heroin

Second cause of food poisoning?

Bacillus cereus

Reservoir of Bacillus cereus, food poisoning?

Grains

Transmission of Bacillus cereus, food poisoning

Ingestion

Notes about Bacillus cereus, food poisoning

Enterotoxins cause "fried rice syndrome", very fast effects Just need to drink water and replace the fluids lost in diarrhea

What causes gas gangrene?

Clostridium perfringens

Reservoir of gas gangrene?

Soil, human colon

Transmission of gas gangrene?

Contact w/ contaminated soil or feces

Notes about gas gangrene?

Causes myonecrosis (muscle death), food poisoning Treatment: removal of necrotic tissue, hyperbaric chamber

What causes tetanus?

Clostridium tetani

Tetanus reservoir?

Soil

Transmission of tetanus?

Break in skin (parenteral i think)

Notes about tetanus?

Obligate anaerobe Exotoxin - tetanospasmin - INHIBITS MUSCLE RELAXATION - SPASTIC PARALYSIS Opisthotonos - hyperextension, arching back Lock-jaw Vaccine (DTP and booster)

What causes C-diff?

Clostridium difficile

Reservoir of C-diff?

Human colon

What diseases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Folliculitis, impetigo, gastroenteritis, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome

What diseases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

Impetigo, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, strep throat, scarlet fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

What diseases are caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Gonorrhea, PID, opthalmia neonatorum

What diseases are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis

Transmission of C-diff?

Fecal-oral

Notes about C-diff?

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, suppression of normal colonic flora

What causes botulism?

Clostridium botulinum

Reservoir of botulism?

Soil

Transmission of botulism?

Ingestion

Notes about botulism?

Ingestion of exotoxin = FLACCID PARALYSIS, muscles cannot contract Caused by improper canning, infants ingesting honey Treatment = antitoxin, antibodies Used for Botox

What diseases are caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

Meningitis, sepsis, gastroenteritis

What causes atypical meningitis and sepsis?