19.) Tumors Of Lung Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is lung cancer?
Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs and is the leading cause of death worldwide.
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
Risk factors include smoking (90% of cases), exposure to carcinogens (asbestos, passive smoking), genetic predisposition, and scar tissue (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis or TB). It can also be idiopathic (e.g., adenocarcinoma).
What are the two main types of lung cancer?
Lung cancers are divided into Non-small cell carcinoma (70-80% of cases) and Small cell carcinoma (20-30% of cases).
What types of Non-small cell carcinoma exist?
Non-small cell carcinoma includes Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma.
What characterizes Small cell carcinoma?
Small cell carcinoma is more aggressive and tends to spread to the liver, bones, and brain.
What are common clinical symptoms of lung cancer?
Symptoms usually develop in advanced stages and include cough, hemoptysis, progressive dyspnea, chest pain, weight loss, and clubbing of the fingers.
What are the imaging tests used for diagnosing lung cancer?
Imaging tests include Chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, and bone scan.
What biopsy methods are used for lung cancer diagnosis?
Biopsy methods include bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
What is mediastinoscopy?
Mediastinoscopy is a procedure to examine and biopsy lymph nodes in the chest.
What is the treatment for Stage I lung cancer?
Treatment includes surgery (lobectomy or segmentectomy), sometimes followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation.
What is the treatment for Stage II lung cancer?
Treatment includes surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy; radiation may be considered.
What is the treatment for Stage III lung cancer?
Treatment includes a combination of chemotherapy and radiation; surgery may be an option.
What is the treatment for Stage IV lung cancer?
Treatment includes targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and palliative care to manage symptoms.
What characterizes Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)?
Limited Stage SCLC is cancer confined to one lung and nearby lymph nodes.
What is the treatment for Limited Stage SCLC?
Treatment includes a combination of chemotherapy and radiation, sometimes followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) to prevent brain metastases.
What characterizes Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)?
Extensive Stage SCLC is cancer that has spread beyond one lung to other parts of the body.
What is the treatment for Extensive Stage SCLC?
Treatment includes chemotherapy, often combined with immunotherapy, and palliative care to manage symptoms.
