43. Diseases of the female sex glands Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the diseases of the female sex glands?
Diseases of the female sex glands include any disorder affecting the ovaries, responsible for producing eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Common conditions include ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian cancer, and ovarian insufficiency.
What causes ovarian cysts?
Ovarian cysts are often caused by hormonal imbalances, follicle development abnormalities, or conditions like endometriosis.
What is the cause of PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown but involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors, leading to hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance.
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
Risk factors for ovarian cancer include genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1/BRCA2), age, family history, and reproductive history.
What causes ovarian insufficiency?
Ovarian insufficiency can result from genetic factors, autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
What are the clinical presentations of ovarian cysts?
Ovarian cysts may be asymptomatic or cause pelvic pain, bloating, and irregular menstrual cycles.
What are the symptoms of PCOS?
Symptoms of PCOS include irregular periods, excess androgen levels (leading to hirsutism and acne), obesity, and infertility.
How does ovarian cancer present clinically?
Ovarian cancer is often asymptomatic in early stages; advanced stages may present with abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, and urinary symptoms.
What are the symptoms of ovarian insufficiency?
Ovarian insufficiency is characterized by irregular or absent menstrual periods, hot flashes, night sweats, and infertility.
How are these conditions diagnosed?
These conditions can be diagnosed with imaging (ultrasound, CT), blood tests for tumor markers (e.g., CA-125), hormone levels (FSH, estrogen, androgen), and biopsy for confirmation or exclusion of malignancy.
What is the treatment for ovarian cysts?
Many ovarian cysts resolve on their own. Persistent or symptomatic cysts may require hormonal treatments or surgical removal.
How is PCOS managed?
PCOS is managed with lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise), hormonal contraceptives, and medications like metformin to improve insulin sensitivity.
What treatments are available for ovarian cancer?
Treatment for ovarian cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy.
What is the treatment for ovarian insufficiency?
Ovarian insufficiency is treated with hormone replacement therapy and fertility treatments (e.g., IVF).
