41. Disorders of lipid metabolism – dyslipidaemia. Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is dyslipidemia?
Dyslipidemia refers to an abnormal level of lipids in the blood, including elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, or both.
LDL < 3.0 mmol/l normal
HDL > 1.0 mmol/l normal men and women > 1.3
Triglycerides < 1.7mmol/l
What are the causes of dyslipidemia?
Causes include genetic conditions, lifestyle factors, and metabolic disorders.
What genetic condition is associated with dyslipidemia?
Familial hypercholesterolemia leads to elevated lipid levels due to inherited defects in lipid metabolism.
What lifestyle factors contribute to dyslipidemia?
A diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
What metabolic disorders are associated with dyslipidemia?
Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
What are the clinical implications of dyslipidemia?
Dyslipidemia can contribute to atherosclerosis, leading to coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease.
What symptoms may indicate dyslipidemia?
Most are asymptomatic, but xanthelasma and xanthoma can occur.
What is xanthelasma?
Xanthelasma are yellow plaques on the eyelids.
What is xanthoma?
Xanthoma are hard, yellowish masses found on tendons.
How is dyslipidemia diagnosed?
Diagnosis includes lipid screening, fasting lipid profile, and laboratory tests to exclude secondary causes.
What does a full fasting lipid profile measure?
It includes triglyceride levels and calculation of LDL levels.
What are the classifications of dyslipidemia?
Type I, IIa, IIb, III, IV, and V.
What is the treatment for Type I dyslipidemia?
Treatment is diet.
What is the treatment for Type IIa dyslipidemia?
Treatment includes statins, niacin, and cholestyramine.
What is the treatment for Type IIb dyslipidemia?
Treatment includes statins, niacin, and gemfibrozil.
What is the treatment for Type III dyslipidemia?
Treatment includes gemfibrozil and niacin.
What is the treatment for Type IV dyslipidemia?
Treatment includes niacin, gemfibrozil, and statins.
What is the treatment for Type V dyslipidemia?
Treatment includes niacin and gemfibrozil.
What is the dosage for Atorvastatin?
10-80mg.
What is the dosage for Niacin?
500-2000mg.
What is the dosage for Cholestyramine?
4-24mg.
What is the dosage for Gemfibrozil?
600mg 2 times daily.
