35. treatment of diabetes with Insulin Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is insulin therapy used for?
Insulin therapy is used in the management of diabetes, specifically in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and advanced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), where endogenous insulin production is insufficient or ineffective.
What are the types of insulin?
The types of insulin include:
1. Rapid-acting: insulin lispro, insulin aspart, insulin glulisine.
2. Short-acting: regular insulin.
3. Intermediate-acting: Neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin.
4. Long-acting: insulin glargine, insulin detemir.
5. Ultra-long-acting: insulin degludec.
What is the peak and duration of rapid-acting insulin?
Rapid-acting insulin peaks at 30-90 minutes and has a duration of 3-5 hours.
What is the peak and duration of short-acting insulin?
Short-acting insulin peaks after 2-5 hours and has a duration of 5-8 hours.
What is the peak and duration of intermediate-acting insulin?
Intermediate-acting insulin peaks after 4-12 hours and has a duration of 12-18 hours.
What is the peak and duration of long-acting insulin?
Long-acting insulin has minimal peak and a duration of 24 hours.
What is the peak and duration of ultra-long-acting insulin?
Ultra-long-acting insulin has no peaks and provides steady release for 24-42 hours.
What is the basal/bolus insulin concept?
The basal/bolus insulin concept aims to mimic physiologic insulin, with daily needs of 0.5-0.6 units/kg/day, combining long-acting (basal) insulin with rapid-acting (bolus) insulin.
What is premixed insulin?
Premixed insulin combines intermediate-acting and rapid- or short-acting insulin in fixed proportions, simplifying administration by reducing the number of daily injections.
What is Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII)?
CSII is an insulin pump that delivers a continuous basal infusion of rapid-acting insulin with bolus doses administered at mealtimes, providing flexible and precise insulin dosing.
