38. Chronic Complications of Diabetes- Types, principles of treatment. Flashcards
(10 cards)
What are chronic complications of diabetes mellitus?
Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are long-term complications that arise from prolonged exposure to elevated blood glucose levels, affecting various organ systems and leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
What are microvascular complications of diabetes?
Microvascular complications include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy.
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and blindness.
What are the treatment principles for diabetic retinopathy?
Treatment principles include regular eye examinations, laser photocoagulation therapy, and anti-VEGF injections for severe cases.
What is diabetic nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy is progressive kidney damage characterized by albuminuria, declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and eventual end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
What are the treatment principles for diabetic nephropathy?
Treatment principles include blood pressure control with RAAS inhibitors, glycemic control, and management of comorbidities.
What is diabetic neuropathy?
Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage affecting various nerves, leading to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction.
What are the treatment principles for diabetic neuropathy?
Treatment principles include symptomatic management of neuropathic pain, foot care, and management of autonomic neuropathy symptoms.
What are macrovascular complications of diabetes?
Macrovascular complications include cardiovascular disease, which increases the risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.
What are the treatment principles for cardiovascular disease in diabetes?
Treatment principles include lifestyle modifications, blood pressure and lipid control, and glycemic control.
