40. Metabolic syndrome Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of metabolic issues like central obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction, posing risks for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
What factors increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome?
Age, obesity, and tendency towards diabetes.
What are the main etiological factors of metabolic syndrome?
Overweight/obesity, inactive lifestyle, aging, and lipodystrophy.
What role does insulin resistance play in metabolic syndrome?
It is a central role in the condition, damaging insulin signaling and accumulating triglycerides in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
What are the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome?
Central obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, elevated blood sugar, and hypertension.
What diseases are associated with metabolic syndrome?
Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperuricemia/gout, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea.
What are the NCEP ATP III criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome?
3 or more of the following:
1. Central obesity: Waist circumference ≥ 102 cm (men) or ≥ 88 cm (women)
2. Elevated triglycerides: ≥ 150 mg/dL or drug treatment for elevated triglycerides
3. Low HDL cholesterol: < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women or drug treatment for low HDL cholesterol
4. High blood sugar: Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or drug treatment for elevated glucose
5. Hypertension: Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mm Hg or drug treatment for hypertension.
What are the treatment options for metabolic syndrome?
Weight management, insulin resistance management, hypertension treatment, and dyslipidemia treatment.
What weight management strategies are recommended for metabolic syndrome?
Caloric restriction, increased physical activity, weight loss drugs (orlistat), and bariatric surgery.
What medication is commonly used for insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome?
Metformin (500mg to 850mg orally once or twice daily).
What medications are used to treat hypertension in metabolic syndrome?
ACE inhibitors (lisinopril) and angiotensin receptor blockers (losartan).
What medication is used for dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome?
Statins (atorvastatin).
