34. Diabetes Mellitus- classification, pathogenesis, clinic Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
What are the types of Diabetes Mellitus?
The types of Diabetes Mellitus are Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).
What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, typically manifesting in childhood or adolescence.
What genetic association is linked to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is associated with genetic susceptibility in patients with HLA association.
What other conditions are associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is also associated with other autoimmune conditions, such as celiac disease and primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s).
What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, often associated with obesity and physical inactivity.
What is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia diagnosed during pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation.
What is the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?
In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), the immune system erroneously attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
What factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?
Genetic predisposition (HLA genes) and environmental triggers (viruses) are implicated in the autoimmune response of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).
What is the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) involves a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, leading to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.
What are the clinical features of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?
Clinical features of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.
What is a potentially life-threatening complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).
What are the clinical features of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?
Clinical features of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) include polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and recurrent infections, with many individuals being asymptomatic.
What are the long-term complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?
Long-term complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) include cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Normal fasting glucose is less than 6.1, and 2h glucose is less than 7.8. Diabetes is diagnosed with fasting glucose above 7, or 2h glucose above 11.1 mmol/L.
