education psych exam 1

Question 1

Sally was on the playground yesterday, and she wandered in front of a swing that jeff was throwing forward. The swing hit Sally in the head, and although she was facing away from the swing when the accident happened, now she is having problems with her vision. Where did the swing hit her, and why is she not seeing proper?

Answer 1

visiual cortex is above mid brain. At between nene and brain is swollen.

Question 2

According to the article that you read on cognitive development and brain imaging, why might we expect many children with attention deficit problems to “grow out” of the problems as they mature?

Answer 2

As you mature ability to focus get better. Age 25 is when most focused

Question 3

Is it true that artistic personalities tend to think with the right side of thier brains while more mathematically oriented students think with the left side of thier brains? what applications might this have to teaching?

Answer 3

no it is not true we think with both sides. Use as many inputs as possible to stimulate the brain.

Question 4

Jacques has been injuured in a fencing accident (a sword went up his nose. as a result, he suffered damageto the hippocampus. What can we expect from his ability to form memories?

Answer 4

destroy his ability to move from short term memory to long term (short term memory)

Question 5

what are the cognitive processes that develop last in human brain? what implication does this have for classroom practice?

Answer 5

-last is attention + language processes

Question 6

what is the effect of myelination of the axons? what implications does this for classroom practice?

Answer 6

myelination is firing so fast messages do it from memory

• its good cause recall facts faster
• bad cause don’t think about things

Question 7

Ormrod affirms that there is a huge period of synaptogenesis in the early years of life, but she is adamant that this does not meanthat we should saturate early learners with “skill intensive experiences” or that we should stop learning as we grow older. What would be a more intelligent course of action? How does your answer relate t programs such as headstart and othe rpreschool programs.

Answer 7

synaptogesis is good cause get rid of nueropath ways dont need. However, it didnt do any differences. more experience given smarter they will be

Question 8

the article “Imaging the developing brain” states improved ability to withhold an inappropretaite response might first require mature activiation of posterior parietal regiond that is task specific” what implication does this have for working with young children?

Answer 8

Expect implusive behaviot what is appropriete or inappropreaite

Question 9

student runs into something and can never get on board with teacher cause way brain is working. How the brain operates and moves into automatic responses, waterbug….

Answer 9

-

Question 10

Jenny is four years old. Her parents have gone to the temple to be part of her Uncle Henry’s marriage. She arrives with her cousins just as the guests are leaving the temple. She notices that, as her mother is coming out of the temple, she has tears in her eyes. “Mommy what’s wrong?” she says. “Why are you so sad?”

Answer 10

Confused because she her mother’s tears are signaling one emotion, but her mother is talking about feeling the opposite way.

Question 11

Jimmy is a very active third grader who just can’t seem to sit still for five minutes at a time. Which of the following examples illustrates an effective way of working with the child’s temperament?

Answer 11

His teacher gives him small chores that allow him to get up and move around several times during the day.

Question 12

Emily’s parents want to make sure that she always feels loved, so they allow her to do whatever she wants and give in most of her whims. Emily is most likely to be

Answer 12

impulsive

Question 13

Richard sees himself as a poor student. Which of the following is he most likely to do?

Answer 13

find excuses to avoid doing homework and skip classes because, “I don’t get it anyway.”

Question 14

Peer pressure is

Answer 14

both positive and negative because it can encourage either positive or negative behavior.

Question 15

Luisa knows that everyone is looking at her jeans and judging her to be old fashioned and dumb because her parents insist that she wear clean, unstained pants without holes to school. She is reacting to

Answer 15

an imaginary audience.

Question 16

Which of the following is least likely to contribute to a positive and productive sense of self in students?

Answer 16

find reasons to praise everything they do.

Question 17

Students will gain a more positive self-image from which of the following?

Answer 17

succeeding in a task that they find to be personally challenging

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to help students develop a sense of what are moral and desirable actions?

Answer 18

Seeing moral, pro-social behavior in people they admire

Question 19

Elena consistently bullies Sophía by threats of physical violence and of spreading cruel rumors about her. Elena is probably

Answer 19

getting what she wants.

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to reduce male bullying in a school setting?

Answer 20

Providing effective, consistent supervision of the school and its surroundings

Question 21

Truly popular students are typically those who _____ in contrast to most students’ conception of what popularity means.

Answer 21

are kind and trustworthy

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of proactive aggression?

Answer 22

Jeffrey throws Pete into a locker and demands his lunch money.

Question 23

Louise is a junior in high school. She hasn’t yet decided exactly what she would to do for a living, or what political affiliations she will have, but she is actively exploring her options by taking a wide variety of classes in high school and listening carefully to politicians. We would say that she is in a state of

Answer 23

Moratorium

Question 24

Bruce has seen the television commercials about the problems of methamphetamine addiction, but his response as he watches them is “That guy must be really weak.” When he is approached with an invitation to try the drug, he refuses because he thinks that it would be morally wrong, but he is sure that trying it just once probably would do much to him. Bruce is being affected by

Answer 24

personal fable

Question 25

Commercials that only talk about the risks inherent in taking drugs are likely to encourage boys to

Answer 25

experiment with them.

Question 26

Erik Erikson conceived a theory that described our development from babyhood through adulthood as

Answer 26

A series of stages in the development of identity, each of which presents a unique developmental task or crisis that helps to define the person’s identity.

Question 27

One of the stages in Erikson’s theory of development is Industry versus Inferiority, in which children ideally develop

Answer 27

diligence, perserverance, and the ability to put work before pleasure.

Question 28

Which one of the following individuals is in Kohlberg’s good boy/good girl stage of moral reasoning?

Answer 28

Barbara obeys the teacher because she wants the teacher to think nice things about her.

Question 29

Johnny sits on the side of his kindergarten class closest to the door. During Miss Martin’s lessons, his attention seems to be everywhere but on the lesson material. He notices the gerbil playing in the cage in the back of the room; he hears everyone who walks down the hall; he has memorized the pictures on the posters that Miss Martin has placed around the room; but he seems to have no idea of where Miss Martin is in the lesson. Johnny’s problem with focus probably stems from

Answer 29

Miss Martin’s rather high, soft voice.

Question 30

Mr. Hanks has become very frustrated with Fred’s attitude in class. Every time a service project is suggested, the young man’s response has been, “Yeah, what’s in it for me.” Fred’s behavior can be explained in the following way using Kohlberg’s terminology

Answer 30

Fred has only reached the exchange of favors stage of moral reasoning, not the social contract stage.

Question 31

As a result of anatomical differences associated with hearing between males and females, we would expect

Answer 31

boys in the back of a classroom to have trouble hearing a female teacher and girls to think of a male teacher as being a “yeller.”

Question 32

Because of anatomical differences in vision we would expect boys to be more attuned to _____ than girls.

Answer 32

distance and direction

Question 33

The above poster is most appropriate for

Answer 33

boys

Question 34

Shielding both sexes from all injuries tends to

Answer 34

make both girls and boys more averse to taking risks

Question 35

Marie is a fourth grade girl. Bobby, a boy in her class, teases her unmercifully. This is probably a sign that

Answer 35

Bobby likes Marie and wants her attention.

Question 36

When giving a boy special help, a good strategy is to

Answer 36

sit shoulder-to-shoulder with him with the work in front of both of you.

Question 37

When giving a girl special help, a good strategy is to

Answer 37

sit where you can look eye-to-eye with her and smile encouragingly

Question 38

Based on what you know about why girls use drugs and how they get them, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for helping girls to avoid drug abuse. (You will need to choose more than one response.)

Answer 38

find and capitalize on her positive interests
actively work to build her self-esteem
know all of her friends and their families

Question 39

Based on what you know about why boys use drugs and how they get them, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for helping boys to avoid drug abuse. (You will need to choose more than one response.)

Answer 39

find and capitalize on his positive interests
know all of his friends and their families
make sure that he understands that breaking the rules will result in loss of mobility and independence.

Question 40

Which of the following best describes Piaget’s theory of “constructivism”?

Answer 40

Children create their own understanding of the world from their experiences with the environment.

Question 41

Louis receives a new soccer ball and begins to dribble it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. His dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget’s concept of:

Answer 41

Assimilation

Question 42

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget’s concept of accommodation?

Answer 42

Cindy reconstructs her understanding of stars after she studies them in science.

Question 43

Which one of the following teachers is definitely keeping in mind Piaget’s idea that assimilation and accommodation are both necessary for learning to occur?

Answer 43

Mr. Chang shows students how a new topic is similar to the things they already know, but also different in certain ways.

Question 44

Marcy is given her choice of two identical chocolate bars, one of which is whole, and one of which has been broken into four pieces. Marcy chooses the broken candy bar, believing that it has more candy. Marcy is showing a lack of ________, indicating that she has not yet completed the transition to the ________ stage of development.

Answer 44

conservation; preoperational

Question 45

From the perspective of Piaget’s theory, why is language critical for children’s cognitive development?

Answer 45

It gives them a means for thinking about things symbolically.

Question 46

The following four middle school science teachers are teaching the concept molecule to their students. In each classroom, some of the students are at Piaget’s formal operations stage and others are at the concrete operations stage. In which classroom are the concrete operational students most likely to have difficulty understanding?

Answer 46

Mr. Carmen tells his students in a lecture that protons, neutrons and electrons are subatomic particles with different charges. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and protons have 0 charge. Then he asks them how this particles would work with or against each other in an atom and tell why.

Question 47

Piaget’s concept of “disequilibrium” is best described as the condition when children:

Answer 47

Encounter events that do not fit within their schema, resulting in a sort of mental “discomfort.”

Question 48

Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky’s concept of internalization?

Answer 48

As children become more adept at following a process they require words of instruction less and less until they can finally do the process without mentally or overtly verbalizing the steps.

Question 49

Vygotsky’s concept of zone of proximal development refers to:

Answer 49

The range of tasks children can accomplish only with support

Question 50

From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?

Answer 50

It supports and guides students as they perform difficult tasks

Question 51

Which of the following is not an example of scaffolding?

Answer 51

Giving a test that requires students to work on their own without additional resources.

Question 52

A college comparative literature teacher is having the students read the epic poem El Cid and has given the students the universal characteristics of epic poetry but not the cultural background for this particular epic. Students are having trouble understanding the conflict between Christians and Moors in this country of split religious cultures. Why?

Answer 52

The teacher has not appropriately scaffolded the learning experience for the majority of her students.

Question 53

Which of the following teaching techniques would Piaget find least effective?

Answer 53

lecture

Question 54

Which of the following students are working within their zone(s) of proximal development?

Answer 54

An art teacher demonstrates how to paint with watercolors and then walks around the room to watch his students work. He offers them guidance when he sees someone having trouble creating new colors or keeping different colors from running together on the paper. Virtually every student receives some sort of help from him during the course of the activity.

Question 55

A study that tells us that overall achievement in school is lower in students who come from culturally poor environments than it is from students who come from culturally rich environments. This is an example of a(n):

Answer 55

Experimental study without a control group

Question 56

In a study1000 randomly selected five-year-olds from culturally poor environments were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group was left in the same situation that they had been in before the study. The second group was allowed to play in a culturally rich environment for two hours every day. Both groups were given the same instruction by the same group of teachers who were not told which students were included in the two groups. This is an example of a(n):

Answer 56

Experimental study with one or more control groups

Question 57

An administrator wants to replicate the relationship that exists between an exceptionally effective teacher and her first-year protégé. Which of the following would be the most logical study to pursue?

Answer 57

a grounded theory study

Question 58

A school social worker wants to understand the events and conditions that prompted a teenager to bring a loaded gun to school in his backpack. Which of the following would be the most logical study to pursue?

Answer 58

a case study