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From Flashcardlet > islamic > Flashcards

islamic Flashcards

1
Q

people:

constantine I

A

founder of constiantinople

caused division of empire

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2
Q

emperor Justinian I (r. 527-565)

A
  • attempt at bringing the West back under the direct control of the emperor at Constantinople was ever made,
  • To much money into wars and military
  • This effort essentially bankrupted the Empire, proved a short-lived success, and probably contributed to the weakening of the Byzantine Empire that rendered it susceptible to conquest by Arab armies in the seventh century.
  • updated roman law code the corpus Iuris Civilis
  • rebuilt church of hagia sophia
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3
Q

war between Heraclius (r. 610-641) and Chosroes II (r. 590-628).

A
  • The last great conflict between the Romans (i.e. the Byzantines) and the Sassanids
  • First Chosroes’s Sassanids overran the ⊗Levant and threatened ⊗Anatolia. Then the Byzantines counter-attacked and Heraclius retook most of what they had lost. The war exhausted both empires and rendered them vulnerable to the sudden appearance of a united Arab army driven by the cause of Islam. The Sassanid Empire would collapse completely under their assault, and the Byzantines were forced to abandon control of some of their most important and prestigious territories: ⊗Egypt, ⊗Palestine, and ⊗Syria.
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4
Q

leader Khan Krum

A
  • Leader of bulgars
  • Krum defeated the imperial army
  • killed the emperor, Nikephorus I.
  • According to some sources, Krum then had the emperor’s skull lined with silver, which he then used as a drinking cup.
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5
Q

Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (r. 717-741)

A
  • example of the problems created by caesaropapism found in the iconoclasm
  • He particularly worried that the popular practice of venerating icons (images of Christ and the saints) was violating the commandment against making and worshiping engraven images
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6
Q

Caesaro-papism

A

means that the emperors exercise control over both the secular and spiritual administration of their empire

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7
Q

Monophysitism

A

the belief that Christ was fully divine and not really human at all

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8
Q

the five pillars of islam

A

.

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9
Q

Shahada-

A

believe in god and mahhamad is his prophet

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10
Q

Salat

A
  • parying 5 times a day

- continual worship

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11
Q

Zakat

A
  • charity alms for the poor

- 2.5% tax

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12
Q

Sawm

A

-during the whole month of Ramadan, Muslims fast during the daylight hours.

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13
Q

Hajj

A

-pilgramage to mecca

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14
Q

Jihad

A
  • struggle’ or ‘striving’, referring to an individual’s efforts to overcome the natural desires of man.
  • armed fight in holy war
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15
Q

Ulama

A

The body legal advisors and experts in interpreting Shari’

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16
Q

the Shari’a

A
  • the right way (to the water hole)

- lives according to the Shari’a – Islamic law

17
Q

qadi

A
  • One group of legal experts that make up the body of the ulama are the ?, Islamic judges.
  • They are the local officials who execute judgment, especially in cases of social law like marriage, divorce, and inheritance – the state is left to deal with criminal cases.
18
Q

Dhimmi

A

especially those they considered “People of the Book” – other monotheists who had sacred scriptures (revelations) from God.

19
Q

the jizyah –

A

-tax on non-believers (those who were not paying ♣zakat).

20
Q

mawali,

A

These non-Arab Muslims were known as

21
Q

Shi’ism

A

.

22
Q

Sufism

A
  • Muslim mystics
  • They seek a personal union with Allah, whom they regard not as some ill-defined force in the universe but as a transcendent being who is all-powerful and all-knowing.
23
Q

caesaro-papism

A

excersise control over both the secular and spiritial administration of their empire

24
Q

imam will return as the

A

mahdi

25
Q

fatimids

A

ismali shiites

-believe that mahdi well return

26
Q

umma

A

community of the faithful

27
Q

tughril beg -

A

the seljuk turks

28
Q

husain-

A

karbala

29
Q

Heraclius 610-641

A
  • tyrant
  • persain invasions came and paid trubite to Chrosroes II helping to make counter attack
  • beat persains and got jerusalem
  • battle of yarmul he was beaten ending byzantine rule in south anatolia
30
Q

al mansur 754-775

A
  • abu jafar-or the victorius one
  • established the abbasid caliphate against umayyad and shiite claims
  • built and made bagdad new capital called madinat as-salem (city of peace)
  • created office of vizier
  • made burea for translating documents would develop into bayt al-hikmah (the house of wisdom) center for scholarship learning
31
Q

Huran al-rashid 786-809

A
  • grandson of al-mansur
  • brought capital to its height and decline for abbasids
  • problems centrializing places like north africa fell out of his control
  • sent charlamange an elephant-had diplomatic peace
  • his court influenced arabian nights
32
Q

abd al-rahman I

A
  • escacped being executed along with family from abbasids

- invaded spain was his kingdom

33
Q

saladin 1174-1193

A
  • tried to bring fatimids shiites under control to re-unify islamic world
  • used jihad to force everyone to follow him
  • battle of hattin beat christains,
  • took jerusalem
  • lost control over islamic territories
34
Q

mehmed II the conqueror

A
  • holy wars on christains
  • drowned brother and anyone resisted his rule
  • spreading islamic territory in the east
  • devshirme, young christains brought up as muslims
  • janissaries could enroll in sultans army
35
Q

hadith

A
36
Q

avicenna 980-1037

A

-ibn Sina
-treatises on medicine, The Canon of Medicine and The Book of Healing
-

37
Q

al ghazali 1058-1111

A
  • Incoherance of Philosophers

- mysticism greatest truth of god

38
Q

averroes 1126-1198

A
  • known as the commentator
  • The Incoherence of Incoherence
  • argues koran was perfectly reconcilable

From Flashcardlet (50 decks)

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