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Question 1

1. What restrictions on religious freedom were common in colonial America? Why were those restrictions in place? Which colony enjoyed the most religious freedom?

Answer 1

• by limiting religious competition (“dissent”) or by linking civil rights (such as office-holding) to religious faith.
• christains had most free exercise

Question 2

2. How did Virginia’s history shape Jefferson and Madison’s opposition to bills like Patrick Henry’s?

Answer 2

Virginia had smaller groups fighting for rights
-virginias history? taxes for Anglican clergy and meeting houses
alglican monopoly on marriages
laws against doctrinal dissent and missing church
ministers regulated by Anglican “orders and constitutions”
sepearist preachers disarmed, imprisoned, or banished
other dissenters barred from from landing, banished, or banned from meeting for group worship.
-possibly these issues lead to Madison and Jefferson fearing churchs would become so powerful to point of creating tyrant. Factions getting to powerful.
-Worried will corrupt government

Question 3

3. What did the Constitution say about God and religion before and after the Bill of Rights was adopted?

Answer 3

• nothing about divine figure

- Article VI—the last clause prohibits any religious test for office

Question 4

4. What does D&C 134:4,7, 9 say about religious freedom and the government’s relationship to religion?

Answer 4

4: god gives free excersise as long as not harmful to others and government cannot establish religion
7: We have free excersise and government cannot step in. But the government has to decide if need to step in when rights are violation
9: no establishment of church in government

Question 5

5. Why did Madison change his mind about the value of a Bill of Rights—what problem did he think it could solve (and how)?

Answer 5

he thought seperation
The problem: If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure.”
a bill of rights can educate minority and over time majority shouldn’t regulate conscious and other things and be persuaded shouldn’t ask government to make laws in those areas.
it helps: the minoritys voice is heard and not just the majority
how? if we have bill of right the majority interest wont be take over minority

Question 6

6. What are the two religious freedom clauses in the First Amendment? (framing religious freedom?)

Answer 6

• Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof
  What do they mean and how have they been interpreted by the Supreme Court
  -The government cannot establish a national religion and cannot limit you from practicing it freely. However, supreme court rules you out and judges if a danger to society as abused in past. 1st amendment doesn’t protect you from all laws.

Question 7

What principles have judges used to apply the clauses?

Answer 7

make distinction between belief and action, and actions that’s disturbing, action of peace.

Question 8

7. What’s the good news and bad news about religious freedom under the First Amendment?(framing religious freedom?)

Answer 8

good: have freedom to excersise how you want
bad: the groups becoming factions or one church taking over and having so much power creates tyranny.

Question 9

8. What do you know about the “landscape” of religious belief and practice in America?

Answer 9

-landscape of religious beliefs practices are:

biggest church individual demonation is catholics and most churches is protestant

Question 10

How does religion’s importance in America compare to other countries?

Answer 10

• how we compare to other countries is that we have stayed in the middle, we value it more and have more opportunity to express it. public virtue

Question 11

1. What distinguishes nativism from ethnocentrism? How is racism distinct from nativism?

Answer 11

Ethnocentrism-the belief in the superiority of ones own people or culture
Nativism-a fear of foreign influence on the dominant culture and a strong desire to preserve that dominant culture against other cultures
Racism-the belief that racial differences produce superiority towards a group.

Question 12

2. What does WASP mean and how does it apply to the history American exclusion and inclusion?

Answer 12

-white anglo-saxon protestant they only include people of that

Question 13

3. What are the most important examples of legal restrictions on immigration in American history?

Answer 13

-chinese exclusion laws in which federal government regulates who comes in, 1920 lowered national orgins act. in immagration reading

Question 14

How does the percentage of American residents born abroad today compare to a century ago?

Answer 14

-more people were born abroad more in the past than now because we are all settled now Foreign born population has gone from 13.2%-10.4%

Question 15

What share of the foreign-born population are legal residents, illegal residents, and naturalized citizens?

Answer 15

Naturalized citizens: 37%
Legal permanent residents: 31%
Legal temporary residents: 4%
Unauthorized residents: 28%

Question 16

4. What are the requirements to be naturalized as a citizen?

Answer 16

• At least 18 and continious residence for at least five years
• speak, write, and some English
• answer questions about US govern.
• demonstrate commitment to the principles of the US constitution
• take oath of allegiance

Question 17

How do these requirements reflect concerns about the impact of immigration on American society?

Answer 17

• the test is very hard to pass
• people are concerned they wont adapt to the American culture and go against the government. That they wont adapt because wont speak same language and communicate with most people.

Question 18

5. What is the intent of the 13th and 14th and 15th Amendments? Why did they not bring quicker results?

Answer 18

• brought quicker results because state majority cannot compromise civil rights federal government stops states from minority rights, and 14th and 15th don’t work well for a long time and federal government and many states ignore rights and prevent people from voting.
  13: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
  14: No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges of immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
  15: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 19

6. What principles and tactics helped Civil Rights leaders like James Lawson and Martin Luther King lead successful movements for change?

Answer 19

-non-violence, use consitution to support argument

Question 20

7. What do surveys suggest about current public opinion on the effects of the Civil Rights movement on race relations in America?

Answer 20

• (slides changes over time) most believe the civil rights movement made only some of their goals. half people think racism is widespread for blacks and blacks think this more however a year later the percentage for all categories has gone down. white racism was surveyed not as high but does show insrease in years of people that think there is that descrimination
• civil rights movement hasn’t been achieved
• everyone feels descrimination

Question 21

1. Can you identify the main political parties in US history, including the most successful “third party” in political history?

Answer 21

Republican, democractic, republicans is successful third party that took over whigs

Question 22

2. How have “conservative” and “liberal” been defined historically and what are the limits of those labels over time and across issues?
3. How have “conservative” and “liberal” been defined historically and what are the limits of those labels over time and across issues?

Answer 22

Conservative= conservatives places great value on conversing community order, less government,
Liberal=fostering individual freedom and change, more government,
-that just because it’s a title doesn’t mean cover fully what you believe.
-that defficnition fits uncomfortbally over time. Like abortion use definition

Question 23

3. What is the difference between over political ideology and party identification? What is the ideological composition of America’s main political parties?

Answer 23

Ideology is beliefs and partys are groups that can support your beliefs. US mostly states either moderate or conservative
democracts- moderates make up more of democratics and the base is the liberals (more democrats because able to convince moderates and liberals)
republican-most state are conservative(they have more ideological purity they are far apart,
independents-most state moderate

Question 24

4. Based on surveys, how do conservatives” compare to “moderates” and “liberals” in numbers, and
   how do Democrats compare to Republicans and “independents” in numbers?

Answer 24

conservative and moderates are more than liberals

• 70% of republicans call themselves conservative
• 36% of independents call themselves conservative
• 24% of of democrats call themselves conservative

Question 25

5. What was the purpose and what have been the effects of the 15th, 19th, 24th, 26th amendments?

Answer 25

Race, color, or previous condition of servitude=15th amendment (1870)
Sex=19th amendment (1920)
Failure to pay any poll tax (income/race)=24th amendment (1964; followed by Voting Rights Act)
Age (18 or older)=26th amendment (1971)

Question 26

6. What factors shape voter turnout and political donations the most?
7. What factors shape voter turnout and political donations the most?

Answer 26

• young people don’t vote at high rates
• old turns out more
• races black and white same
• female turn out more than males
• older ages votes higher
• more education votes higher
• education, income, partianship, race, age
• political donations: men donate more

Question 27

What factors shape the perceived political efficacy of the American public in recent years?

Answer 27

-patterns weve found if I belong to party I have somewhat higher efficacy. If Im wealthy and educated then have an infleuence
What are the effects of factors like education, income, partisanship, race,

Question 28

How are these data relevant to assessing the importance of voting and its merits compared to other forms of political participation?

Answer 28

• if graduate from highschool not as much turnout and if graduate from in other words who feels voice matters.compared to other forms of political participation, if want to change law then change law makers, could petition government, and donate to cmpaign to sway other votes, could lobby directly

Question 29

7.What does the Constitution say about political parties in the protection of liberty and the making of law?

Answer 29

constitution doesn’t say anything about political parties

Question 30

What accounts for America’s long and stable system of two-party dominance? (why do we have only two parties?)

Answer 30

-the rules made by states
and parties and if decide if elect people in system and ony one seat then two is the rational numbers to fit one seat. It’s the way you elect people.

Question 31

8. What obstacles face other parties?

Answer 31

• electoral stucture-single member districts with plurity rules; majority requirement for president
• tactical adaption by th main parties
• open party primaries
• legal obstacles-ballot, access, financing, debates

Question 32

9. What did George Washington think about political parties? How do his views compare to those of prophets?

Answer 32

-he discouraged them

Question 33

10. What has changed for political moderates in Congress and the parties?

Answer 33

polarization, fewer moderates in congress and two parties are closer to each other ideologically. and very few of two parties two together
What factors may account for these changes?
-happens because the make up of parties, the rules for how you pick canidadtes like the parties base line and have to declaring which party you are in

Question 34

What are their benefits and costs?

Answer 34

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