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From Flashcardlet > sci exam5 > Flashcards

sci exam5 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Identify four main points made in the First Presidency Statements found in the BYU Evolution Packet regarding evolution
A

?

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2
Q
  1. Who are the members of the BYU Board of Trustees?
A

?

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3
Q

is evolution doctrine?

A

non-doctrine

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4
Q
  1. When science defines evolution as “Descent with modification”, what does that mean?
A

-that it encompasses small scale and large scale evolution or genes frequency changes and changes of species.
*

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5
Q
  1. What is a phylogeny, and what do each of the branching points represent?
A

-the evolutionary relationships among organisms, each of the branching points represent archaea, bacteria, and Eukaryota.
*

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6
Q
  1. What is a clade?
A

-A group of organisms that includes all the decendants of a common ancestor and that ancestor.

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7
Q
  1. How does looking at the history of life as a tree differ from looking at it as a ladder?
A

-evolution produces a pattern of relationships among lineages in a treelike matter not ladder, we read polygenies from left to right and no correlation with level of advancement, for any speciation event of phylogeny, the choice of which lieage goes to the left is arbitrary.

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8
Q
  1. What is meant by a Shared Derived Trait, and how are they used with Phylogenies?
A

-shared character is one that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals. With phylogenies this can be used to group organisms into clades.

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9
Q
  1. What is a population?
A

-a group of organisms licing close to one another that interbreed with one another and do not breed with other similar groups; a gene pool. Depending on the organism, populations may occupy greater or smaller geographic regions.

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10
Q
  1. What is microevolution (what does it have to do with allele frequencies)?
A

-evolution on a small scale. there is a change in gene frequency within a population.

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11
Q
  1. List and describe each of the mechanisms of microevolution?
A

Descent and the genetic differences that are heritable and passed on to the next generation;
Mutation, migration (gene flow), genetic drift, and natural selection as mechanisms of change;

The importance of genetic variation;

The random nature of genetic drift and the effects of a reduction in genetic variation;

How variation, differential reproduction, and heredity result in evolution by natural selection; and

How different species can affect each other’s evolution through coevolution.

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12
Q
  1. What is a species?
A
  • a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature
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13
Q
  1. What is a hybrid?
A

-a species that have different types of qualities. Like a carrion crow vs a hooded crow they are both crows but different types.

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14
Q
  1. What are three steps that can lead to speciation?
A

-rivers change course, mountains risem continents drift, organisms migrate, and what was once a continuous population is divided into two or more smaller populations,

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15
Q
  1. What can keep two populations from interbreeding?
A

-lack of being fit between sexual organs, offspring inviability or sterility, the evolution of different mating location, time or mating rituals.

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16
Q
  1. How can we tell if speciation has occurred?
A

-geographic patterns and experimental results,

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17
Q
  1. What is macroevolution?
A

-evolution on a sudden scale

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18
Q

what is evolution?

A

changes in spieces and alles in a population

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19
Q

what is a hybrid?

A

mix of two animals

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20
Q

light brown alleles

A

H2, H3

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21
Q

what is genetic drift?

A

chance alterations of gene freuquencys in a population

-pegiuns ice berg

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22
Q

mutation role in specaition?

A

mutation determines changing of species

23
Q

homologous?

A

common structures in different organism are that result from a common ancestory
-same ancestor same traits

24
Q

tiktaalik?

A

creature found that has similar structure to acine tfish and because similar can say they are all related

25
Q

what is anologous traits?

A
  • species from different ancestors but have same trait
  • characters of similar function and superficial structure that have not arisen from common ancestry like bats wings and fly wings
26
Q

what are transitional forms?

A

changing physically over time like fins to feet

27
Q

what are vestigial traits?

A

things we have in body but serve no purposelike appendix tail bone goosebumps

28
Q

how is analogous evidence of evolution?

A

because even though not same specicies they are adapted to environment

29
Q

gene flow

A

-choice than chance
-migration
-part of same species
-

30
Q

does genetic evidence suggest have common ancestor, god follows a pattern in the creation o flife, humans probally evovoled in much the same way as other earthly organisms?

A

yes

31
Q

vitamin C? what it suggest?

A

humans chimps and other monkeys all have this same gene to where cannot produce vitamin C
-that have common ancestor
-

32
Q

• What are the main points from the BYU evolution packet?

A
  • adam was the first man
  • we are created in gods image
  • all things were created spiritually first
  • not pertinent to salvation-church is not going to worry about question and leaves it to scientists
33
Q

• Why is evolution a dangerous topic?(slides)

A
  • provides an apparent alternative to god
  • discredits the authority of the bible(ken hams argument)
  • causes contention
  • people can get obessed with it
34
Q

• Henry Eyring: compatibility of science and religion

A
  • science and religion can go together

- and if there is a conflict we don’t have enough knowledge

35
Q

Lesson 5.b: Micro- and Macroevolution

• Understand the structure of a phylogeny and be able to recognize a clade

A
  • phylogeny= the evolutionary relationships among organisms, each of the branching points represent archaea, bacteria, and Eukaryota.
  • The tree not the ladder and a clade=
36
Q

population

A

a group of organisms living close to one another that interbreed with one another and do not breed with other similar groups; a gene pool. Depending on the organism, populations may occupy greater or smaller geographic regions.

36
Q

species

A

a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature

37
Q

hybrids

A

hybrids=a species that have different types of qualities. like a liger.

37
Q

shared derived trait

A

both have trait from common ancestor. has to be tree wise not farthest one away but recent.
shared character is one that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals. With phylogenies this can be used to group organisms into clades.

38
Q

microevolution

A

short time

38
Q

macroevolution

A

long time

39
Q

• What are the mechanisms for microevolution?

A 
Descent and the genetic differences that are heritable and passed on to the next generation
Mutation,
migration (gene flow)
genetic drift
natural selection-more prone to survival
40
Q

• Evidences for evolution in whales from land mammals

A
  • the gradual reduction and loss of hind leg bones
  • migration of nasal cavity to the top of the head
  • the physiological motion between mammals
  • bone structure of the inner ear
41
Q

Lesson 5.c: Evidences for Evolution• What are transitional forms? What predictions can you make?

A
  • in between the process and can make predictions by comparing fossils can tell if something has a common ancestor and predict they are related
42
Q

• Homologous structures: meaning and recognition

A

-traits inherited by two different organisms from common ancestor

43
Q

• Analogous structures: Definition and cause

A

-traits in herited by two different organisms but NOT of common ancestory

44
Q

• What are vestigial traits and what do they show?

A

-triats that we don’t use

45
Q

• Analogous structures: Definition and cause

A

-traits in herited by two different organisms but NOT of common ancestory

46
Q

Lesson 5.d: Human Evolution

• What are the transitional human forms and what do they teach us?

A
  • lucy and such teach us that we have similarities.
  • we could have a common ancestor
  • both Bipeds
47
Q

• Anatomical and genetic connections between humans and primates

A

-vitamin C deletion

-

48
Q

• What are the characteristics of bipeds and what do they show?

A

-pelvis, knee, femur they show that must have a common ancestor

49
Q

• What are pseudogenes and what do they teach us?

A

-gene we cant use it anymore anymore like vitamine C. Have a common ancestor

50
Q

• What are the evidences of the Big Bang and why are they significant?

A

-fact that universe is expanding, because at one point we had to start
growing
-galaxies moving away
-static radiation everywhere
-intense heat of elements required intense heat thay could be supplied in the massive explosion in a primeval atom

51
Q

• Understand the principles of relative dating

A
  • lower the rock the older it is
  • cross cutting-which got cut
  • horizontal
  • intrusions
  • memorize name of dating technique

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