Anatomy Ch 8 (Nervous System)

Question 0

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 0

1) monitors the internal/external environments
2) integrates sensory information
3) coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses of many other organ systems

Question 1

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

central nervous system (CNS)

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 2

afferent

Answer 2

to the brain

Question 3

efferent

Answer 3

away from the brain

Question 4

somatic

Answer 4

controls skeletal muscle (CNS)

Question 5

autonomic

Answer 5

automatic involuntary regulation of smooth muscle (CNS)

Question 6

neuron

Answer 6

basic unit of nervous system

Question 7

neurglia

Answer 7

supporting cells of neurons

Question 8

dendrites

Answer 8

receives incoming signals

Question 9

axon

Answer 9

carries outgoing signals

Question 10

what are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 10

multipolar- two or more dendrites and a single axon; most common in CNS; all motor neurons that control skeletal muscle

unipolar- dendrite and axon are continuous w/cell body off to the side; most sensory neurons of the PNS

bipolar- one dendrite, one axon w/cell body in between them; rare but are present in special sense organs

Question 11

list the 3 functional groups of neurons:

Answer 11

motor neurons
sensory neurons
interneurons

Question 12

motor neurons: what are the two types?

Answer 12

somatic motor neurons- controls skeletal muscle

visceral- regulates smooth muscle activity

Question 13

sensory neurons

Answer 13

forms afferent division of the PNS

Question 14

what are the two types of somatic sensory receptors?

Answer 14

1) proprioceptors- monitors the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
2) external receptors- provides information about external environment in the form of touch, temp, ect…..

Question 15

visceral or internal receptors

Answer 15

monitors the activities of smooth muscle systems

Question 16

interneurons

Answer 16

located entirely within the brain and spinal cord

interconnects other neurons

Question 17

what are the 4 types of neuroglia cells in CNS and what is their function?

Answer 17

1) astrocytes- largest and most numerous; isolates and secretes chemicals vital in the blood-brain barrier
2) oligodendrocytes- myelinates axons creating white matter
3) microglia- smallest and rarest; phagocytic cells of the CNS
4) ependymal- line both central canal of spinal cord and chambers of the brain; some secrete cerebral spinal fluid

Question 18

depolarization

Answer 18

(+) concentration to (-) concentration