Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1

Question 0

what is physiology?

Answer 0

the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

A cutting open

The study of internal and external structures and their relationship

Question 2

gross anatomy or macroscopic anatomy

Answer 2

visible to the unaided eye

Question 3

microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

structures that cannot be seen without magnification

Question 4

cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

histology

Answer 5

study of tissues

Question 6

tissues

Answer 6

groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions

Question 7

organs

Answer 7

combined tissues that work together for a specific function

Question 8

human physiology

Answer 8

study of the functions of the human body

Question 9

cell physiology

Answer 9

study of the function of cells

Question 10

special physiology

Answer 10

study of the physiology of specific organs

ex: renal (kidney)

Question 11

systemic physiology

Answer 11

considers all aspects of the function of specific organ systems

Question 12

pathological physiology or pathology

Answer 12

study of the effect of diseases on organ or system functions

Question 13

homeostasis

Answer 13

maintenance of the body’s internal environment regardless of external environment

Question 14

homeostatic regulation

Answer 14

adjustments in physiological systems that preserve homeostasis

Question 15

surface anatomy

Answer 15

the study of general form and superficial markings

Question 16

regional anatomy

Answer 16

all superficial and internal features in a specific region of the body
such as the head, neck, or trunk

Question 17

systemic anatomy

Answer 17

the structure of major organ systems

Question 18

list the levels of organization from molecules to complete organism

Answer 18

Chemical > Cellular > Tissue > Organ > Organ system > Organism

Question 19

List the 11 organ systems

Answer 19

1) integumentary
2) reproductive
3) respiratory
4) cardiovascular
5) skeletal
6) muscular
7) endocrine
8) lymphatic
9) nervous
10) digestive
11) lymphoid

Question 20

what 3 things are involved in homeostatic regulation?

Answer 20

1) receptor- receives stimulus
2) control center- processes information from receptor
3) effector- responds to commands from control center; either negating or reinforcing the stimulus

Question 21

where is the control center located?

Answer 21

brain (hypothalamus)

Question 22

what is negative feedback?

Answer 22

negation to a stimulus

Question 23

what is thermoregulation?

Answer 23

control of body temperature

Question 24

What occurs when body temp rises above 99 degrees?

Answer 24

vasodialation, increased blood flow to surface of the skin, sweat glands increase excretion

Question 25

what happens when body temp falls below 98 degrees?

Answer 25

vasocontriction, decreased blood flow to surface of skin, skeletal muscles generate heat by shivering

Question 26

what is positive feedback?

Answer 26

reinforcement of stimulus

Question 27

what process is a good example of positive feedback?

Answer 27

Clotting

Question 28

describe the anatomic position

Answer 28

hands at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet together

Question 29

a person lying down on their belly in the prone or supine position?

Answer 29

prone

Question 30

what are the four abdominopelvic quadrants and where do the intersecting lines orginate?

Answer 30

right upper quadrant (RUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)

umbilicus (navel)

Question 31

what are the nine abdominopelvic regions?

Answer 31

1) left hypochondriac region
2) right hypochondriac region
3) epigastric region
4) left lumbar region
5) right lumbar region
6) umbilical region
7) left inguinal region
8) right inguinal region
9) hypogastric region

Question 32

name the 3 sectional planes and decribe them

Answer 32

transverse plane- divides body in superior and inferior portions (top and bottom)

frontal or coronal plane- divides body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back)

sagittal plane- divides body into left and right portions

Question 33

what structure divides the ventral body cavity?

Answer 33

diaphram

Question 34

what two cavities make up the ventral body cavity?

Answer 34

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 35

what cavities make up the thoracic cavity?

Answer 35

pericardial cavity (holds the heart)

a pair of pleural cavities (one for each lung)