Anatomy Ch 2 (Chemical level of organization)

Question 0

metabolites

Answer 0

all molecules (including nutrients) synthesized or broken down by chemical rxn’s inside our bodies

Question 1

nutrients

Answer 1

essential elements and molecules obtained from diet

Question 2

inorganic compounds

Answer 2

small molecules that generally do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 3

organic compounds

Answer 3

molecules primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 4

list the six most important inorganic substances in the human body:

Answer 4

1) water
2) carbon dioxide
3) oxygen
4) inorganic acids
5) bases
6) salts

Question 5

what is the single most important compound of the human body?

Answer 5

water

Question 6

what are the 3 general properties of water that are important to the human body?

Answer 6

reactant

high heat capacity

solvent

Question 7

what is the difference between a solution and a suspension?

Answer 7

solutes are completely dissolved in a solution; no shaking required

solutes are not dissolved just in a suspended state: shaking required

Question 8

what is a solution?

Answer 8

a uniform mixture of a fluid solvent and dissolved solutes

Question 9

what is ionization?

Answer 9

the dissociation of compounds in a solution

Question 10

Why must the concentration of hydrogen ions be closely regulated?

Answer 10

they are extremely reactive and in excessive numbers will break chemical bonds, change the shape of molecules, and disrupt cell and tissue functions

Question 11

what is pH?

Answer 11

the concentration of hydrogen ions present in a solution

Question 12

what is the numerical scale for pH?

Answer 12

0 to 14

Question 13

a pH above 7 is……

Answer 13

basic or alkaline

Question 14

a pH below 7 is……..

Answer 14

acidic

Question 15

a pH of 7 is………

Answer 15

neutral

Question 16

what is an acid?

Answer 16

any substance that breaks apart and releases hydrogen ions

Question 17

what is a base?

Answer 17

a substance that removes hydrogen ions

Question 18

name the 3 major types of carbohydrates:

Answer 18

1) monosaccharides
2) disaccharides
3) polysaccharides

Question 19

glucose is an example of what type of sugar?

Answer 19

monosaccharide or simple sugar

Question 20

sucrose is an example of what type of sugar?

Answer 20

disaccharide

Question 21

give two examples of a polysaccharide

Answer 21

cellulose (plants),

starches (glycogen is an animal starch)

Question 22

what is the ratio of carbohydrates?

Answer 22

1:2:1

Question 23

fats, oils, and waxes are examples of what?

Answer 23

lipids

Question 24

what are the major lipids found in the body?

Answer 24

fatty acids

fats

steroids

phospholipids

Question 25

what is a fatty acid?

Answer 25

long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxylic acid group (—COOH)

Question 26

what is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?

Answer 26

in a saturated fat, the carbon atom has four single bonds

an unsaturated fat has at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms

Question 27

what are steriods?

Answer 27

large lipid molecules composed of four connected rings of carbon atoms

Question 28

what is the most well known steroid?

Answer 28

cholesterol

Question 29

what organic compound is the most abundant in the human body?

Answer 29

proteins

Question 30

all proteins contain:…..

Answer 30

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 31

what are the 7 functions of a protein?

Answer 31

1) support
2) movement
3) transport
4) buffering
5) metabolic regulation
6) coordination and control
7) defense

Question 32

what are the two classes of nucleic acids?

Answer 32

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 33

what is a carbohydrate?

Answer 33

is an organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 34

list the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA

Answer 34

adenine

guanine

thymine

cytosine

Question 35

list the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA

Answer 35

adenine

guanine

cytosine

uracil

Question 36

what are the subunits of nucleic acids?

Answer 36

nucleotides