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From Flashcardlet > DIGITAL image analysis > Flashcards

DIGITAL image analysis Flashcards

1
Q

ADC

A

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION

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2
Q

ITEMS NEEDED TO CREATE DIGITAL IMAGES

A
  • ADC

- COMPUTER SOFTWARE&HARDWARE

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3
Q

A NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION OF XRAY INTENSITY TRANSMITTED THRU THE PATIENT

A

DIGITAL IMAGE

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4
Q

PARTS TO A 2DIMENSIONAL IMAGE FORMED BY

A

A MATRIX OF PIXELS

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5
Q

ROWS AND COLUMNS OF PICTURE ELEMENTS

A

MATRIX

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6
Q

PICTURE ELEMENT; DEMONSTRATES A SINGLE SHADE OF GRAY

A

PIXEL

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7
Q

A RANGE OF POSSIBLE GRAY SHADES IN A PIXEL

A

BIT DEPTH

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8
Q

PROCESSED BY COMPLEX MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS CALLED

A

ALGORITHMS

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9
Q

ADVANTAGE OF DIGITAL HAVING ALGORITHMS

A

NO MATTER THE TECHNIQUE AN IMAGE WILL ALWAYS FORM

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10
Q

DIGITAL IMAGE EXPOSURE FACTORS

A
  • mAs and kVp

- dynamic range

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11
Q

HOW MAS AND KVP EXPOSURE FACTOR AFFECT DIGITAL EXPOSURE FACTOR

A
  • HAS LESS OF A DIRECT EFFECT ON DENSITY AND CONTRAST IN DIGITAL IMAGING BC OF ALGORITHMS FIXES IT ANYWAY
  • STILL AFFECT PATIENT DOSE
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12
Q

RANGE OF EXPOSURE INTENSITIES AN IR CAN DETECT

A

DYNAMIC RANGE CORRECTS INACCURATE SELECTIONS AND RANGE OF KV AND MAS MAY VARY

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13
Q

DIGITAL IMAGE QUALITY FACTORS

A

-BRIGHTNESS
-CONTRAST
-SPATIAL RESOLUTION
DISTORTION
-NOISE
-EXPOSURE INDICATOR
-

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14
Q

in digital image quality brightness replaces the film based term

A

density not controlled by mAs, light representing individual pixels on an image

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15
Q

THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT REPRESENTED ON THE DISPLAY MONITOR AND CAN BE ADJUSTED

A

BRIGHTNESS

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16
Q

THIS FACTOR IS CONTROLLED BY PROCESSING SOFTWARE THRU A PREDETERMINED ALGORITHM

A

BRIGHTNESS

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17
Q

DIFFERNCE IN BRIGHTNESS BETWEEN THE LIGHT AND DARK AREAS AND CAN BE ADJUSTED

A

CONTRAST

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18
Q

ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH MANY SHADE OF GRAY RANGING FROM BLACK TO WHITE

A

CONTRAST RESOLUTION

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19
Q

SYSTEMS ABILITY TO DISPLAY POXELS

A

CONTRAST RESOLUTION

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20
Q

SYSTEM WITH THE BETTER CONTRAST RESOLUTION BC OF GREATER CONTRAST RANGES

A

DIGITAL

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21
Q

SYSTEM WITH THE BETTER DETAIL

A

FILM

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22
Q

CONTRAST IS ALSO CONTROLLED BY PROCESSING SOFTWARE THRU PREDETERMINED

A

ALGORITHMS

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23
Q

MORE BUT DEPTH MEANS

A

MORE GRAY SHADES DISPLAYED

GREATER CONTRAST RESOLUTION

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24
Q

CONTROLLING SCATTER IS IMPORTANT BC

A

DIGITAL IR’S ARE EXTREMELY SENSITIVE TO LOW ENERGY RADIATION

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25
Q

HOW TO CONTROLL SCATTER

A
  • SELECT OPTIMAL KVP
  • USE COLLIMATION AND GRIDS
  • KEEP IR OUT OF XRAY ROOMS
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26
Q

THE ACCURACY OF ANATOMIC XRAY LINE ARE …..AND ARE MEASURED IN….

A

SPATIAL RESOLUTION

MICRONS

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27
Q

SPATIAL RESOLUTION IS CONTROLLED BY

A

PIXEL SIZE AND DISPLAY MATRIX

28
Q

ACQUSITION IN HERENT TO DIGITAL IMAGE DETECTOR

A

PIXEL SIZE/IR

29
Q

DEPENDENT ON DISPLAY MONITOR CAPABILITIES

A

DISPLAY MATRIX/MONITOR

30
Q

NOT AS INFLUENCED BY FSS AND GEOMETRIC FACTORS AS IN FILM

A

SPATIAL RESOLUTION

31
Q

WITH SPATIAL RESOLUTION SMALL PIXEL SIZES EQUALS

A

GREATER RESOLUTION

32
Q

SPATIAL RESOLUTION IS AFFECTED BY

A

MOTION

33
Q

DESCRIBE SPATIAL RESOLUTION QUALITY ON DISPLAY STATION MONITORS

A

RADIOLOGIST READING STATION HAVE THE BEST RESOLUTIOIN

TECH/VIEWING WORKSTATIONS HAVE LOWEST RESOLUTION

34
Q

MISREPRESENTAION OF OBJECT SHAPE AND SIZE, AND THE SAME AS FILM

A

DISTORTION

35
Q

DISTORTION IS CONTROLLED BY

A

SID
OID
CR PART PATIENT ALIGNMENT

36
Q

RANDOM FLUCTUATIONS INHERENT TO IMAGING SYSTEM OR CREATED BY TECH ERROR

A

NOISE

37
Q

RANDOM NATURE XRAYS INTERACT WITH THE IR IN DIGITAL IMAGING

A

QUANTUM NOISE

38
Q

VISIBLE AS BIGHTNESS FLUCTUATIONS AND MAIN CONTRIBUTOR RO IMAGE NOISE AND UNDER TECH CONTROL

A

QUANTUM NOISE

39
Q

SNR

A

SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO

40
Q

OF XRAYS STRIKING IR

A

SIGNAL

41
Q

NEGATIVE FACTORS, BIGGEST WHEN NO XRAYS HIT THE IR

A

NOISE

42
Q

SNR IS CONTROLLED BY

A

MAS

43
Q

AS MAS INCREASES SNR…

AND PATIENT DOSE ….

A

INCREASES

INCREASES

44
Q

WITH A ….. THE DETECTOR WONT RECEIVE ENOUGH RADIATION

A

LOW MAS

45
Q

A LOW MAS CANNOT

A

BE DIGITALLY ALTERED

46
Q

A NUMERIC VALUE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE EXPOSURE RECEIVED BY THE IR

A

EXPOSURE INDICATOR

47
Q

EXPOSURE INDICATOR IS CONTROLLED BY THE

A

INTENSITY(#OF XRAYS) RADIATION HITTING THE IR

48
Q

INVERSELY(S#)/DIRECTLY (EI)PROPORTIONAL TO RADIATION STRIKING THE IR

A

EXPOSURE INDICATOR

49
Q

S#RANGE

A

100-400

50
Q

IF S# IS HIGH

A

UNDEREXPOSED

51
Q

IF S# IS LOW

A

OVEREXPOSED

52
Q

EI

A

EXPOSURE INDEX

53
Q

EI IS ….. PROPORTIONAL

A

DIRECTLY

54
Q

IF EI IS HIGH

A

OVEREXPOSURE

55
Q

IF EI IS LOW

A

UNDEREXPOSURE

56
Q

POSTPROCESSING MANIPULATIONS CAN FURTHER MPROVE

A

VISIBILITY OF AN IMAGE

57
Q

WINDOW LEVELING ALTERS

A

BRIGHTNESS

58
Q

WINDOW WIDTH ALTERS

A

CONTRAST

59
Q

REMOVAL OF SUPERIMPOSED STRUCTURES

A

SUBSTRACTION

60
Q

ALTERS PIXEL VALUES TO INCREASE CONTRAST

A

CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT

61
Q

IMPROVES VISIBILITY OF SMALL HIGH CONTRAST STRUCTURES

A

EDGE ENHANCEMENT

62
Q

REVERSES BLACK/WHITE AND GRAY STRUCTURES

A

IMAGE REVERSAL

63
Q

SUPPRESS NOISE AND DECREASES DETAIL

A

SMOOTHING

64
Q

ENLARGES ENTIRE IMAGE OR CAN ZOOM TO MAGNIFY SPECIFIC ANATOMIC AREA SELECTED

A

MAGNIFICATION

65
Q

NOTES AND SYMBOLS TO CLARIFY IMAGES

A

ANNOTATE

66
Q

ONCE IMAGE IS RECORDED THIS CANT BE MANIPULATED

A

DETAIL

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