27: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West Flashcards Preview

AP World History > 27: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West > Flashcards

Flashcards in 27: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West Deck (22)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Holy Alliance

A

Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe.

2
Q

Decembrist uprising

A

Political revolt in Russia in 1825; led by middle-level army officers who advocated reforms; put down by Tsar Nickolas I.

3
Q

Crimean War

A

Fought between 1854 and 1856; began as Russian attempt to attack Ottoman Empire; Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to Russian reforms under Tsar Alexander II.

4
Q

emancipation of the serfs

A

Tsar Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land.

5
Q

zemstvoes

A

Local political councils created as part of reforms of Tsar Alexander II; gave some Russians, particularly middle-class professionals, some experience in government; councils had no impact on national policy.

6
Q

trans-Siberian railroad

A

Constructed in 1870s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; completed by the end pf the 1880s; brought Russia into a more active Asian role.

7
Q

Witte, Sergi

A

Russian minister of finance from 1892 to 1903; economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged Western investors to build factories in Russia.

8
Q

intelligentsia

A

Russian term denoting articulate intellectuals as a class; 19th-century group bent on radical change in Russian political and social system; often wished to maintain a Russian culture distinct from that of the West.

9
Q

anarchists

A

Political groups seeking abolition of all formal government; formed in many parts of Europe and Americas in late 19th century and early 20th centuries; particularly prevalent in Russia, opposing tsarist autocracy and becoming a terrorist movement responsible for assassination of Alexander II in 1881.

10
Q

Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich (Lenin)

A

Better known as Lenin; most active Russian Marxist leader; insisted on importance of disciplined revolutionary cells; leader of Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

11
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Literally, the majority party; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led led my V. I. Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution; actually a minority in the Russian Marxist political scheme until its triumph in the 1917 revolution.

12
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

War between Japan and Russia (1904-1905) over territory in Manchuria; Japan defeated the Russians, largely because of its naval power; Japan annexed Korea in 1910 as a result of military dominance.

13
Q

duma

A

National parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905;progressively stripped of power during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II; failed to forestall further revolution.

14
Q

Stolypin reforms

A

Reforms introduced by the Russian interior minister Piotyr Stolypin intended to placate the peasantry in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905; included reduction in redemption payments, attempt to create market-oriented peasantry.

15
Q

Kulaks

A

Agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized the Stolypin and later NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land

16
Q

terakoya

A

Commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan to teach reading, writing, and the rudiments of Confucianism; resulted in high literacy rate, approaching 40% of Japanese males.

17
Q

Dutch Studies

A

Group of Japanese scholars interested in implications of Western science and technology beginning in the 17th century; urged freer exchange with West; based studies on few Dutch texts available in Japan.

18
Q

Perry, Matthew

A

American commodore who visited Edo Bay with American fleet in 1853; insisted on opening ports to American trade on threat of naval bombardment; won rights for American trade with Japan in 1854.

19
Q

Diet

A

Japanese parliament established as part of the new constitution of 1889; part of Meiji reforms; could pass laws and approve budgets; able to advise government but not to control.

20
Q

zaibatsu

A

Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as part of the process of industrialization.

21
Q

Sino-Japanese War

A

War fought between Japan and Qing China between 1894 and 1895; resulted in Japanese victory; frustrated Japanese imperial aims because of Western insistence that Japan with draw from Liaodong peninsula.

22
Q

yellow peril

A

Western term for perceived threat of Japanese imperialism around 1900; met by increased Western imperialism in region.

Decks in AP World History Class (28):