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from flashcardlet > -O03 P&OS1:1. > Flashcards

-O03 P&OS1:1. Flashcards

0
Q

Patient history form(9)

A
  • name
  • dob
  • main presenting condition
  • medical history(chronological order)
  • personal and social history
  • prosthetic/orthotic history
  • problem list
  • aims of treatment
  • treatment plan
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1
Q

Patient Assessment Procedure(6)

A
  • patient medical and social history
  • findings of assessment
  • gait(with and without orthosis)
  • summary of functional loss
  • description of prosthesis/orthosis worn
  • appropriateness of current prescription
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2
Q

Orthotic analysis form general info(5)

A
  • height
  • weight
  • date
  • diagnosis
  • previous orthotic treatment
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3
Q

Look(12)

A
  • (visual appearance)
  • skin(discolouration
  • hair(condition)
  • lld
  • atrophy
  • swelling
  • scars-location and description
  • lesions-location and description
  • ulcers-location and description
  • callosities-location and description
  • nails/toes
  • general body alignment
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4
Q

Feel(12)

A
  • pain-location
  • sensation-normal/anaesthesia/hyperthesia-location
  • swelling-location
  • temperature-normal/abnormal-location
  • capillary return/vascularity-normal/abnormal-right,left
  • proprioception-normal/abnormal-right,left
  • extremity shortening-footlength(right, left)/lld(none,true,apparent-right,left,side(discrepancy) and measurements, possible causes)
  • balance-sitting/standing
  • other impairments
  • knee ligaments-normal/abnormal(acl,pcl,mcl,lcl)
  • patella-normal/abnormal-describe
  • hip status-normal/abnormal-describe
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5
Q

Last box of orthotic analysis form(5)

A
  • gait description
  • summary of functional loss
  • treatment objectives
  • orthotic treatment
  • remarks
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6
Q

Treatment objectives(6)

A
  • prevent/correct deformity
  • improve ambulation
  • reduce axial load
  • fracture treatment
  • protect joint
  • other
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7
Q

Muscle powers hip

A
  • F
  • E
  • AB
  • AD
  • INT
  • EXT
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8
Q

Muscle powers knee

A
  • F

- E

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9
Q

Muscle powers at tcj

A
  • DF

- PF

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10
Q

Muscle powers at the subtalar joint

A

-INV

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11
Q

Muscle powers at mid tarsal joint

A
  • PRO

- SUP

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12
Q

ROM at hip

A
  • F
  • E
  • AB
  • ADD
  • INT
  • EXT
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13
Q

ROM at knee

A
  • F

- E

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14
Q

ROM at tcj

A
  • DF

- PF

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15
Q

ROM at subtalar joint

A
  • AB

- ADD

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16
Q

ROM at midtarsal joint

A
  • INT

- EXT

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17
Q

Muscle power scale(6)

A
  • 5-normal
  • 4-motion against gravity and resistance
  • 3-motion against gravity
  • 2-motion, gravity eliminated
  • 1-flicker
  • 0-no movement
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18
Q

Measure ROM

A

Use a goniomerer

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19
Q

Hip joint

A

Ball and socket joint

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20
Q

Movement at hip joint

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • internal rotation
  • external rotation
  • circumduction
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21
Q

Position of hip flexors

A

Anterior to hip

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22
Q

Position of hip extensors

A

Posterior to hip

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23
Q

Normal flexion ROM at hip

A
  • 120degrees(active)
  • 120degrees(passive)
  • with knee flexed
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24
Q

Normal extension ROM at hip

A
  • 10-15degrees(active)

- 30degrees(passive)

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25
Q

Hip flexors

A
  • Psoas major

- iliacus

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26
Q

Hip extensors

A
  • biceps femoris(long and short head)
  • semimembranous
  • semtendinosus
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27
Q

Location of hip abductors

A

Lateral to hip

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28
Q

Location of hip adductors

A

Medial to hip

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29
Q

Normal hip adduction ROM

A

30degrees

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30
Q

Normal hip abduction ROM

A

45-50degrees

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31
Q

Hip abductors

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • iliotibial tract
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32
Q

Hip adductors

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
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33
Q

Normal internal rotation at hip

A

35degrees

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34
Q

Normal external rotation at hip

A

40-60degrees

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35
Q

Stance phase of gait(5)

A
  • initial contact
  • loading response
  • mid stance
  • terminal stance
  • pre-swing
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36
Q

Hip movement at IC

A

30degrees flexion

37
Q

Hip movement at loading response

A

30degrees flexion, begins to reduce

38
Q

Hip movement at mid stance

A

Moves from flexion to extension

39
Q

Hip movement at terminal stance

A

Reaches max 10-13degrees extension

40
Q

Hip movement at pre-swing

A

10degrees extension, continues to flex to neutral position

41
Q

Swing phase

A

Moves from neutral to 30degrees flexion prior to next heel strike

42
Q

When during gait cycle are hip abductors important?

A

Hip abductors stabilise pelvis in mid stance

43
Q

When during gait are hip extensors important?

A

Early stance phase and late swing phase, control hip flexion

44
Q

Knee joint

A

Modified hinge joint

45
Q

Movement at knee joint

A
  • flexion

- extension

46
Q

Where are the muscles that flex the knee?

A

Posterior to the knee

47
Q

Flexion ROM at knee

A
  • 135degrees

- 120degrees if hip is extended

48
Q

What is flexion at knee limited by when hip is extended?

A

Rectus femoris which crosses hip and knee

49
Q

Knee flexors

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • biceps femoris(long and short head)
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • sartorius
50
Q

Where are the muscles that extend the knee?

A

Anterior to the knee

51
Q

Normal extension at knee

A

Odegrees

52
Q

How much hyperextension at knee may be considered normal?

A

Up to 10degrees

53
Q

Knee extensors

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
54
Q

Knee at initial contact

A

0degrees flexion

55
Q

Knee at loading response

A

Knee flexes and reaches max of 15-18degrees flexion

56
Q

Knee at mid stance

A

Flexion reduces at GRF vector moves from posterior to anterior knee. Knee continues to extend.

57
Q

Knee at terminal stance

A

Maximum position of extension is reached (0-5degrees extension)

58
Q

Knee at pre-swing

A

Knee flexes to 40degrees in preparation for swing phase

59
Q

Knee during swing phase

A

Reaches maximum 60-65degrees flexion then extends prior to heel strike

60
Q

When are the quadriceps important during gait?

A

-loading response to allow controlled knee flexion

61
Q

Talocrural joint

A

Synovial hinge joint

62
Q

Movement at talocrural joint

A
  • plantarflexion

- dorsiflexion

63
Q

Location of muscles that plantarflex the talocrural joint

A

Posterior to the ankle

64
Q

Main muscles that plantarflex the talocrural joint

A
  • gastrocnemius

- soleus

65
Q

Location of muscles that dorsiflex the talocrural joint

A

Anterior aspect of lower leg

66
Q

Main muscle that dorsiflexes the talocrural joint

A

Tibialis anterior

67
Q

Plantarflexors(8)

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
  • peroneus longus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • peroneus brevis
68
Q

Dorsiflexors

A
  • tibialis anterior

- extensor digitorum longus

69
Q

Normal plantarflexion range at talocrural joint

A

50degrees

70
Q

Normal dorsiflexion range at talocrural joint

A

20degrees dorsiflexion

71
Q

What happens to dorsiflexion range when knee is fully extended?

A

Dorsiflexion decreases due to gastrocnemius length

72
Q

Talocrural joint at initial contact

A

Plantargrade

73
Q

Talocrural joint at loading response

A

Reaches maximum 10degrees plantarflexion

74
Q

Talocrural joint at mid stance

A

Moves from 5degrees plantarflexion to 5degrees dorsiflexion as GRF moves anterior to ankle

75
Q

Talocrural joint at terminal stance

A

Dorsiflexion increases to 10-15degrees. Foot begins to plantarflex

76
Q

Talocrural joint at pre-swing

A

Reaches maximum of 20degrees plantarflexion

77
Q

Talocrural joint during swing

A

Moves into neutral position, maintained throughout swing phase

78
Q

When are the dorsiflexors important during gait?

A

-loading response- allows controlled plantarflexion

79
Q

When are the plantarflexors important during gait?

A
  • mid stance-control ankle dorsiflexion

- terminal stance-stabilises ankle to allow heel to rise and therefore allows forefoot rocker for progression

80
Q

Subtalar joint

A
  • between talus and calcaneus

- gliding joint

81
Q

Movement at subtalar joint

A
  • inversion(supination)
  • eversion(pronation)
  • triplanar motion
82
Q

Mid tarsal joints

A

-talocalcaneo-navicular and calcaneo cuboid joints

83
Q

Motion at mid tarsal joints

A
  • inversion(supination)
  • eversion(pronation)
  • adduction
  • abduction
84
Q

Where are the muscles that invert the foot?

A

Medial aspect of leg

85
Q

Where are the muscles that evert the foot?

A

Lateral aspect if the leg

86
Q

What are the evertors?

A
  • peroneus longus

- peroneus brevis

87
Q

What are the invertors?

A
  • tibialis anterior

- tibialis posterior

88
Q

Why is the subtalar joint important in early stance?

A

Eversion assists in shock absorption and lowers the medial longitudinal arch

89
Q

Why is the subtalar joint important in late stance?

A

Inversion makes foot stable, creates rigid lever arm to allow heel rise

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