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From Flashcardlet > placement folder > Flashcards

placement folder Flashcards

0
Q

Medial rotators of hip

A

Gluteus medius and minimus (anterior fibres)
Tensor fascia latae
Adductor magnus
Pectineus

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1
Q

Lateral rotators of hip

A 
Gluteus maximus
Quadratus femoris
Sartorius
Obturator internus
Iliopsoas
Piriformis
Obturator externus
Gluteus medius and minimus
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2
Q

Hip flexors

A 
Iliopsoas
Tensor fascia latae
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
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3
Q

Hip abductors

A 
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Obturator internus
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4
Q

Hip adductors

A 
Adductor magnus 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gluteus maximus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Quadratus femoris
Obturator externus
Semitendinosus
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5
Q

Hip extensors

A 
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Adductor magnus
Piriformis
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
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6
Q

Knee flexors

A 
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
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7
Q

Knee extensors

A 
Tensor fascia latae
Quadriceps femoris
-rectus femoris
-vastus intermedius
-vastus medialis
-vastus lateralis
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8
Q

Medial rotators at knee

A 
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
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9
Q

Lateral rotators at knee

A

Biceps femoris

Tensor fascia latae

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10
Q

Plantarflexors

A 
Peroneus longus 
Peroneus brevis
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Triceps surae
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11
Q

Dorsiflexors

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

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12
Q

Evertors at fot

A

Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Extensor digitorum longus

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13
Q

Invertors at foot

A 
Triceps surae
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
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14
Q

What is the normal age for independent standing?

A

9.5 months (6-12 months)

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15
Q

What is the normal age for independent walking?

A

13 months (10-22 months)

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16
Q

What normal developmental milestones are important?

A

Independent standing
Cruising-walking holding on to things like sofas
Independent walking

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17
Q

Describe toddler walking

A 
Wide base of support 
Excessive hip and knee flexion
Anterior tilt of pelvis
Ankle joint pronation - foot flat
Toe curling
Upper limb abduction and elbow flexion
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18
Q

What are the three components to gait development?

A

Neurophysiological -myelination of CNS, increased vascularity to brain, primitive reflexes
Motor learning
Biomechanical-centre of gravity lowers, limb length increases, limb stability increases

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19
Q

Describe how tibial torsion changes with age

A 
Gradually increased external rotation with age
Age 1 - 4degrees
Age 1.5 - 6degrees
Age 7 - 10degrees
Mean adult transmalleolar axis 10degrees
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20
Q

Femoral/tibial alignment over time

A 
Medial 1 year - neutral
Varus to valgus - 22 months
Valgus max - 3 years
Valgus then decreases at 6 years
Varus birth to adult valgum 7degrees
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21
Q

When has most foot growth occured?

A

91-97% by 12 years

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22
Q

Describe osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bone disease
Bones break easily
Composition of collagen not correct
Type I, II and III

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23
Q

Describe Ehlers Danlos Hypermobility Syndrome

A

EDHS
Inherited, connective tissue disorder
Flexible joints, elastic skin and excessive bruising

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24
Q

Describe HMSN

A

Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy
Charcot Marie Tooth
Progressive hereditary (PNS) teenage/early adult onset (slow progressive)
High arches (pes cavus), drop foot, high stepping gait, fatigue, poor UL dexterity/fine motor coordination, inverted champagne appearance of LL, proprioception and balance affected, numbness or pain, scoliosis less common, sight and hearing affected and weakness in UL, nerve degeneration and muscle weakness

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25
Q

Describe arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

A

2+ joint contractures present at birth

26
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

General term for a number of neurological conditions that affect movement and co-ordination

27
Q

Achilles tendonitis

A

Tendinitis of the achilles tendon
Generally causes by overuse of the affected limb
More common among athletes training under less than ideal conditions

28
Q

Metatarsalgia

A

Pain under metatarsal heads

29
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease

Causes pain and stiffness

30
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease
Causes inflammation in joints
Causes pain and swelling
Hands feet and wrists commonly affected

31
Q

Arthropathy

A

Disease of a joint

Arthritis is a form of arthropathy

32
Q

Osteopenia

A

Bone mineral density (BMD) lower than peak BMD but not low enough to be classed as osteoporosis

33
Q

Pttd

A

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Posterior tibial tendon becomes inflamed or torn
Impairs ability to support arch

34
Q

What is the diabetic foot risk classification?

A

Low current risk (normal sensation, palpable pulses)
Increased risk (neuropathy or absent pulses or other risk factor)
High risk (neuropathy or absent pulses plus deformity or skin changes or previous ulcer)
Ulcerated foot

35
Q

What are the bones of the foot?

A 
Fibula tibia
Calcaneus Talus
Navicular
Cuboid Cuneiforms (1st, 2nd and 3rd/lateral, intermediate and medial) 
Tarsal-metatarsal joints
Metatarsals
Metatarsal phalangeal joints
Phalanges (distal, middle and proximal)
36
Q

Apron of shoe

A

Layer over the vamp

37
Q

Base insole

A

Attached, non-removable part inside the shoe where the whole of the foot stands

38
Q

Collar of shoe

A

Padded strip at the top of the quarters

39
Q

Eyelet

A

Reinforcement to holes to allow laces to go through

40
Q

Facings

A

Area where eyelets or velcro straps are attached

41
Q

Heel

A

Rear part of the underside of the footwear

42
Q

Heel counter

A

Rear part of the upper

43
Q

Heel seat

A

Part of the base insole where the heel of the foot stands

44
Q

Inlay

A

Removable insole that covers the base insole

45
Q

Lining

A

The inside of the upper

46
Q

Mock welt

A

A strip all way around edge of footwear between the upper and the sole

47
Q

Outer

A

The outside part of the upper

48
Q

Pull loop

A

A loop usually at the top of a boot

49
Q

Quarter

A

The side and rear section of the upper collectively

50
Q

Shank

A

A piece of metal inserted between the sole and the insole lying against the arch of the foot

51
Q

Sole

A

The front part of the underside of the footwear

52
Q

Stiffeners

A

Inserted between the lining and the quarters to stiffen the heel area

53
Q

Tabs

A

At the bottom of the facings where the quarters are attached to the vamp

54
Q

Toe cap

A

A separate piece of leather over the toe area

55
Q

Toe puffs

A

Placed between the vamp and the lining to make the toe stand up.

56
Q

Tongue

A

Piece of leather under facings

57
Q

Topline

A

Full length of the top of the upper where the foot is inserted

58
Q

Top piece

A

Top part of the heel which touches the floor

59
Q

Upper

A

The complete top part of footwear

60
Q

Vamp

A

The front section of the upper

61
Q

Modified Ashworth Scale

A

0- No increase in muscle tone
1- Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance of motion at the end of range of motion when the affected part(s) is moves in flexion or extension
1+ -Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance of motion at the end of range of motion when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension
2- more marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part(s) easily moved
3- considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult
4- affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

62
Q

Medical Research Scale

A

0- no contraction
1- flicker or trace of contraction
2- active movement, with gravity eliminated
3- Active movement against gravity
4- Active movement against gravity and resistance
5- normal muscle strength

From Flashcardlet (43 decks)

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