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From Flashcardlet > Phone > Flashcards

Phone Flashcards

0
Q

Cheneau scoliosis brace can be used on

A 
Imbalanced thoracic curves (3 curve patterns)
True double curve (or 4 curve pattern) 
Balance thoracic and false double curve
Single lumbar curve
Single thoracolumbar curve
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1
Q

Cheneau scoliosis brace

A

Tlso
Correction of 3D deformity via pressure zomes and expansion chambers
-convex to concave tissue transfer
Elongation and unloading of the spine
Derotation of the thorax
Vertebral growth acts as a corrective factor
Repositioning of trunk musculature
Anterior opening brace
Brace divided into 54 zones with large free spaces opposite pressure sites

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2
Q

Kafo knee joint materials

A

In decreasing strength
Steel
Titanium
Aluminium

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3
Q

Modular kafo knee joints

A

Easily replaced for growth and repair
Bars are prebent
Components piece together

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4
Q

Non-modular kafo knee joints

A

Stronger?
Difficulty to replace component
Less ability to choose joint heads or bars

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5
Q

Types of ring locks

A

Gravity drop lock
Manual drop lock
Semi-automatic ring lock
Semi-automatic ring lock with cable release

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6
Q

Gravity drop lock

A

As soon as joint is fully extended gravity locks it

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7
Q

Manual drop lock

A

When joint is fully extended, it is not locked

Hand needed to slide down lock

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8
Q

Semi-automatic ring lock

A

Spring mechanism drives lock dowm when knee is fully extended
Individual does not have to bend down to lock knee

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9
Q

Semi automatic ring lock with cable release

A

As semi automatic ring lock with cable to release knee to allow flexion for sitting

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10
Q

Types of lever/bale locks

A 
Bale lock
Lever lock
Adjustable extension ring lock
Trigger lock
Pull bar kit
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11
Q

Bale lock

A

Semi-automatic joint with spring

Requires two hands to release lock for flexion

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12
Q

Lever lock

A

Anterior release cable

Requires one hand to unlock knee joint

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13
Q

Adjustable extension ring lock

A

Specifically for patient with flexion contractures

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14
Q

Halo

A 
4-6 pins are used for placement
Pressure applied and skin pierced so pin contacts skull
Maximum gross motor control
Can apply traction 
Forces resist extension
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15
Q

Indications for use of halo

A

Unstable fractures
Minimise movement and protect spinal cord in surgery
Controls cervical motion until adequate healing/bony union occurs
-after: open reduction, internal fixation, fusion
Non-operative management of non-displaced cervical vertebral fractures
Advanced spondylosis myelopathy
-applies traction and holds head in slight flexion to compensate for narrowing disc height (c3-c7)

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16
Q

What is snaking

A

Proximal cervical spine extension
Distal cervical spine flexion
Head flexion restrained by an orthosis

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17
Q

Yale (CTO)

A 
Reinforced philadephia collar with anterior and posterior thoracic extensions
Controls cervical flexion and extension
Reinforced plastazote
Bivalved stock item
Circumferential containment
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18
Q

Indications for yale cto

A 
Stable cervical fractures
C1 (transverse ligament intact) fracture
Type 1 dens fracture
Type 3 dens fracture (post op)
Hangman fracture (c2)
Jefferson fracture (c2)
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19
Q

C1 (transverse ligament intact) fracture

A

Cause by axial loading which compresses atlas between axis and occiput

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20
Q

Type 1 dens fracture

A

Oblique fracture through upper part of ondontoid process

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21
Q

Type 3 dens fracture (post op)

A

Fracture extends down into c2 body and part of c2 lateral mass

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22
Q

Hangman fracture

A

Caused by hyperextension and excessive axial loading

Typically through pedicles (weakest point)

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23
Q

Jefferson fracture

A

Four part burst fracture of anterior and posterior arches of atlas
Commonly due to hyperextension or c2 failure during axial load

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24
Q

Minerva (cto)

A

Bivalved

  • posterior shell extends from mid dorsum to parietal area of skull
  • anterior shell extends from distal margin of ribs to mandible
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25
Q

Indications for minerva (cto)

A

As yale
Post halo
Advanced cervical spondylosis and myelopathy

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26
Q

Advanced cervical spondylosis and myelopathy

A

Head held on slight flexion to open vertebral foramina and alleviate nerve impingement
Psychological restraint
Circumferential containment provides warmth and reduces spasms

27
Q

Aspen (cto)

A

2 post design (anterior) or 4 post design (anterior and posterior)
Extended thoracic section

28
Q

Indication of aspen (cto)

A 
As yalo
Anterior cervical fusion
Type I dens
Anterior disectomy
Suspended trauma in unconscious patient 
Teardrop fracture of vertebral body
Cervical strain
29
Q

SOMI (4 poster)

A

Chest piece, occipital piece and mandibular piece
Head restraint used when mandibular piece removed eg eating or shaving
Steno-occipital-manibular immobiliser

30
Q

Somi indications

A 
Atlantoaxial instability
Unstable cervical fracture
-neural arch fractures at c2
-decided by surgeon/dr and neuro mdt
Immobilisation of cervical spine post trauma or post operative
Rheumatoid arthritic spine
31
Q

Soft collar

A

Medium density pvc foam
Posterior velcro fastening
Cheap, stock item

32
Q

Soft collar indications

A 
Neck extension injuries
Post op rehab
Minor strains/sprains
Cervical spondylosis
Mild ra or oa of cervical spine
Herniated disc
33
Q

Malibu collar

A

Trimlines extend more proximally

34
Q

Malibu collar indications

A

Cervical spine trauma
-muscular injuries
Post cervical surgery-spinal stenosis
Degenerative disorders/arthritis

35
Q

Philadephia collar

A

Flexible plastazote and reinforced plastic struts

3 point force to restrict extension

36
Q

Philadephia collar indications

A 
Cervical root irritation
Stable fractures
Post op
After halo
Following anterior cervical fusion
Type I dens
Following anterior disectomy
Teardrop fracture of vertebral body
Cervical strain
Degenerative conditions
Spinal stenosis

Can also use aspen collar for greater control

37
Q

Boston brace for scoliosis (tlso)

A 
Reduces lateral curve and rotation
Relocate torso above sacrum
Reduce cobb angle
Brace made via measurements
Forces made via pad placement
-lumbar, thoracic, thochanteric
38
Q

Indications for boston brace for scoliosis

A

Ais curve >30 degrees
Jis curve >20 degrees
Apex of curve between t6 and l3
Max curve size ~45degrees

39
Q

Contraindications of boston brace for scoliosis

A

Severe thoracic lordosis
Worsening of hypokyphosis
Psychological reaction
Obesity

40
Q

Charleston bending brace

A

Side bending brace worn overnight
Maintain curve throughout growth and promote compliance
Stretches the curve concavity and contractures of convexity overnight

41
Q

Indications for charleston bending brace

A

Single skeletally immature curves of 25-40degrees

42
Q

Advantages of charleston bending brace

A 
Allows full musculoskeletal development
Allows opportunity for sports
Fewer and less severe complications
Delayed complications due to wearing time
Success/failure seen earlier
43
Q

Design concepts of charleston bending brace

A 
Custom moulded 
Nocturnal brace
Low profile
Anterior opening
Lightweight
Thermoplastic
Over correction
Held in position opposite to curve
44
Q

3 point force system for charleston bending brace

A

Axilla
Apex of curve
Greater trochanter

45
Q

Milwaukee brace (ctlso)

A

Jaw piece at angle-causes issues with jaw and teeth development
Pelvic girdle
-lessens lumbar lordosis
Throat mould
-stabilises pelvis head and gives longitudinal traction
Ant and post pads
-apply forces at lateral curve and kyphosis
All of above
-3 point force system
Derotation via thoracic pad axilla ring/trapezius pad and costal mergain pad

46
Q

Indications of milwaukee brace (ctlso)

A

Post operative, post polio and non-operative scoliosis
Double curves with apex above t8
Preop for surgery above t8
IIS curve >35 (worn 23 hours/day)
JIS curve >25 (worn full time 18-24 months)
AIS curves 30-40degrees (not skeletally mature)

47
Q

Contraindications of milwaukee brace (ctlso)

A

Reached skeletal maturity
Thoracic lordosis
Large rib hump and lateral curve >80
Hypersensitive skin

48
Q

Pad placement for milwaukee brace (ctlso)

A

Trapezius for high thoracic curve
Thoracic pad for thoracic curve
Oval and lumbar pad for thoracolumbar curve
Lumbar pad for lumbar curve

49
Q

Parts of a shoe

A 
Insole
Tongue
Toplne
Heelcounter 
Quartera
Heel
Top piece
Eyelets (oxford facing) 
Throat line
Vamp
Welt
Toe cap
Outsole
50
Q

Rocker sole

A

Apex 5-10mm behind met heads to aid forward progression of grf

51
Q

Indications for rocker sole

A 
Hallux rigidus/limitus
Forefoot amps
Fixed ankle
Metatarsalgia
Ulceration
52
Q

Shoe wedging

A 
Inclination making one side thicker 
Can be placed med/lat/fore/hind
Can be corrective or accomodative
Fixed pronation therefore lat wedge
Fixed varus at knee therefore med wedge
53
Q

Flares/floats on fwr

A

Increases base of support
Increases ml stability
Reduces moments in joints
Pronation therefore medial flare

54
Q

Thomas heel on fwr

A 
Always a medial extension
Extends anteriorly to met heads
Gives inversion of forefoot
Supports shoe and gives rigidity
Reversed thomas heel therefore lateral extension
55
Q

Sach heel on fwr

A

Compresses at ic to stimulate plantarflexion

Use less dense material

56
Q

Indications for sach heel on fwr

A

Fused ankle

Triple arthro

57
Q

Buttress on fwr

A 
M/l  heel counter support
Extends from heel to upper shoe
Increases heel counter strength 
Can be used with flares
Last stage before afo
58
Q

Bones of the foot

A 
Metatarsals 
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Navicular
Talus
Calcaneus
59
Q

Muscles of leg and foot

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Extensor hallucis longus
Achilles tendon
Calcaneus (heel bone) 
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Extensor digitorum longus
60
Q

Pavlick harness for ddh/cdh

A

Safe zone
-90-110degrees flexion
-30-65degrees abduction
Highest success rate (85-90%)
Hygienic and adjustable
Can be used up to age 6/12 as soft tissue begins to adapt
Used only over age 6/12 if treatment has started age 6/12
Allows arc of motion due to posterior straps

61
Q

C5

A

Shoulder abduction

External rotation

62
Q

C5 and c6

A

Elbow flexion

63
Q

C6 and c7

A

Wrist flexion/ext

64
Q

C7 and c8

A

Elbow ext and finger flex

65
Q

C8 and t2

A

Small muscles of hand

66
Q

Median nerve compression

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

From Flashcardlet (43 decks)

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