P&OS 2: Station 1.

Question 0

Describe kinetics(4)

Answer 0

• biomechanics of gait
• forces and turning effects at joints
• causes of motion
• things we can’t see

Question 1

Describe kinematics(3)

Answer 1

• Study of the motion of objects (without consideration of the causes leading to the motion)
• phases and movement of joints and segments

Question 2

How is the gait cycle made up?

Answer 2

60% stance phase

40% swing phase

Question 3

What are the 2 double support phases of gait?

Answer 3

Initial contact and pre-swing

Question 4

What is stance phase made up of?

Answer 4

Initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre-swing

Question 5

What is swing phase made up of?

Answer 5

Initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing

Question 6

How many arks of ankle motion are there?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What is the first ark of ankle motion?

Answer 7

Plantarflexion- initial contact to loading response

Question 8

What is the second ark of ankle motion?

Answer 8

Dorsiflexion loading response to midstance

Question 9

What is the 3rd ark of motion?

Answer 9

Plantarflexion at pre-swing

Question 10

What is the 4th ark of motion?

Answer 10

Dorsiflexion- initial swing-mid swing

Question 11

Describe knee motion in gait

Answer 11

Flexes and extends in both stance and swing

Question 12

What is the first ark of knee motion?

Answer 12

Flexion- initial contact to loading response

Question 13

What is the second ark of knee motion?

Answer 13

Extension- loading response to terminal stance

Question 14

What is the third ark of ankle motion?

Answer 14

Flexion- preswing to initial swing

Question 15

What is the fourth ark of ankle motion?

Answer 15

Extension- initial swing to terminal swing

Question 16

Describe hip motion in coronal and transverse planes?

Answer 16

Small arcs of motion around 5degrees

Question 17

What is the first arc of hip motion?

Answer 17

Extension- initial contact to terminal stance

Question 18

What is the second arc of hip motion?

Answer 18

Flexion- preswing to midswing

Question 19

Describe pelvic motion

Answer 19

• small arcs of motion around 5degrees in all planes

- stability provided by the muscles of the weight bearing hip

Question 20

What do rockers allow?

Answer 20

Tibial progression

Question 21

How many rockers is there?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

Describe the first rocker

Answer 22

Heel

Question 23

Describe the 2nd rocker

Answer 23

Ankle

Question 24

Describe the 3rd rocker

Answer 24

Forefoot

Question 25

Describe the heel rocker(4)

Answer 25

• heel is centre of rotation
• foot plantarflexes under body weight
• pretibial muscles control rate of plantarflexion
• limb rolls forward on the calcaneus