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From Flashcardlet > (3) Exam 1- Chapter 64 ✔️ > Flashcards

(3) Exam 1- Chapter 64 ✔️ Flashcards

0
Q

What is the most common malignant bone tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

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1
Q

What is the most common primary benign bone tumor

A

Osteochondroma

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2
Q

The most common type of malignant bone tumor occurs as a result of metastasis from

A

A primary tumor located at another site

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3
Q

What are common sites for metastatic bone cancer

A

Breast, prostate, lungs, kidneys, thyroid

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4
Q

What type of bone tumors are relatively rare in adults

A

Benign bone tumors

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5
Q

Metastatic bone cancer travels from tumors to the bone via

A

Lymph and blood supply

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6
Q

💊Medications and treatment for bone cancer

A

Pain medications and radiation

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7
Q

What palliative therapy is given to shrink tumor and decrease pain

A

Radiation

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8
Q

What is the treatment for osteochondroma

A

No treatment is necessary

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9
Q

Why is chemotherapy used preoperatively with osteosarcoma

A

To decrease tumor size

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10
Q

💺How is osteosarcoma diagnosed

A

Tissue biopsy

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11
Q

What often occurs in metastatic bone cancer due to weakness of the bone structure

A

Pathogenic fractures

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

What may occur in the presence of a foreign object such as implant or orthopedic prosthetic device (plate, total joint prosthesis).

A

Osteomyelitis

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14
Q

What is an indirect entry of osteomyelitis

A

Blunt trauma

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15
Q

What is a direct entry of osteomyelitis

A

Open wound

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16
Q

Indirect entry of osteomyelitis is more frequent in what age group and gender👫

A

Boys younger than 12

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17
Q

😰 Local manifestations of acute osteomyelitis

A

Constant bone pain and relieved by rest or worsens with activity, swelling, tenderness, warmth at infection site, restricted movement of affected part

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18
Q

😰 Systemic manifestations of acute osteomyelitis

A

Fever, night sweats, chills, restlessness, nausea, malaise

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19
Q

💺Diagnostic studies to diagnose osteomyelitis

A

Bone and soft tissue biopsy, blood and wound cultures, x-ray, radionuclide bone scan, MRI and CT

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20
Q

💺What is the definitive way to determine the causative micro organism in osteomyelitis

A

Bone and soft tissue biopsy

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21
Q

💉Lab test results for osteomyelitis

A

⬆️WBC

⬆️Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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22
Q

💺On an x-ray, signs suggestive of osteomyelitis usually do not appear until how long after the initial symptoms

A

10 days to weeks

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23
Q

💺In a radionuclide bone scan for osteomyelitis what area will show positive

A

The area of the infection

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24
Q

Collaborative care for osteomyelitis

A

Surgical debridement or decompression

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25
Q

💊Drug therapy for acute osteomyelitis

A

Vigorous and prolonged IV antibiotic therapy

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26
Q

💊How long is a patient with acute osteomyelitis on IV antibiotic therapy

A

4 to 6 weeks or as long as 3 to 6 months

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27
Q

💊Drug therapy for chronic osteomyelitis

A

Oral therapy with a fluoroquinolone (Cipro)

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28
Q

What is used to immobilize the effected limb in osteomyelitis

A

Splint or traction

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29
Q

Nursing diagnosis for osteomyelitis

A

Acute pain

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30
Q

What is the most common type of muscular dystrophy

A

Duchenne

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31
Q

Muscular dystrophy is most commonly seen in what gender👫

A

Males

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32
Q

What is used in muscular dystrophy to prevent deformity

A

Orthotic jacket

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33
Q

💊Why are corticosteroids given with muscular dystrophy

A

They may halt disease progression for up to two years

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34
Q

Is degenerative disc disease (DDD) a normal part of aging

A

Yes, DDD is a normal part of aging

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35
Q

What are positive results of a straight leg raise test

A

Back or leg pain by raising leg and flexing foot 90°

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36
Q

What does a positive straight leg raise test indicate

A

Nerve root irritation

37
Q

Multiple nerve root compression’s from a herniated disc, tumor, or an epidural abscess is a medical emergency and maybe manifested as

A

Bowel or bladder incontinence

38
Q

How long does it take for disc damage to heal

A

Six months

39
Q

Pillow placement after a lumbar fusion

A

Pillows under the thighs of both legs in between legs

40
Q

Traction and braces after spinal fusion

A

TLSO or chair back brace

41
Q

Foot disorders want to be immobilized by

A

Bulky dressing, short leg cast, slipper (plaster) cast, or bunion boot

42
Q

Who is at high-risk for osteomalacia

A

Morbidly obese

43
Q

What are the causes of osteomalacia

A

Lack of exposure to UV rays
G.I. Malabsorption
Drug – Dilantin

44
Q

😰 Manifestations of osteomalacia

A

Bone pain
Difficulty rising from a chair
Weakness
Kyphosis

45
Q

💺X-ray of osteomalacia will show

A

Porous bones

46
Q

😷 Management for osteomalacia

A

Correct vitamin D deficiency
Exposure to the sun
Administer analgesics

47
Q

💊How is the vitamin D deficiency corrected and osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 supplements

48
Q

🍓Foods that are encouraged with osteomalacia

A

Eggs, milk, breakfast cereal with calcium and vitamin D

49
Q

Nursing diagnosis for osteomalacia

A

Potential for injury

50
Q

What are the three metabolic bone diseases

A

Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease

51
Q

What disease is called the “Silent thief”

A

Osteoporosis

52
Q

What two metabolic bone diseases are chronic

A

Osteoporosis and Paget’s disease

53
Q

What is the cause of osteoporosis

A

The cause is unknown

54
Q

How many people in the US have osteoporosis

A

Over 44 million

55
Q

How many women sustain an osteoporosis related fracture

A

1 in 2

56
Q

Why is osteoporosis common in women

A

Lower calcium intake
Less bone mass – smaller frame
Bone resorption begins earlier and accelerates after menopause
Pregnancy and breast-feeding
Longevity – women live longer
Man age 15 to 50 consume twice as much calcium as women

57
Q

How many men over the age of 50 sustain an osteoporosis related fracture

A

1 in 4

58
Q

💺When is a bone scan recommended for men and women

A

Women – before age 65

Men – before age 70

59
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis👫

A 
Over age 60. 
Female (post menopause). 
Low bodyweight. 
White or Asian. 
Smoking. 
Low testosterone for men
60
Q

😰 What are the first clinical manifestations of osteoporosis

A

Back pain that radiates around trunk or spontaneous fracture

61
Q

😰 Over time, wedging and fractures of the vertebrae produce what clinical manifestations in osteoporosis

A

Gradual loss of height (2 to 3 inches)
Dowagers Hump
Kyphosis

62
Q

💺What is the most common diagnostic study for osteoporosis

A

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

63
Q

💺How are DXA scores reported

A

T scores

64
Q

💺What T score is diagnostic of osteoporosis

A

BMD -2.5 or lower

65
Q

What do you want to assess when there is a compression fracture of the spine

A

The ability to void and defecate

66
Q

💊What drugs can be given with osteoporosis because it is a good source of calcium and sodium

A

Tums

67
Q

What brace may be used to maintain the spine in proper alignment after a fracture or treatment of vertebral fracture

A

Thoracic lumbar sacral orthosis (TLSO)

68
Q

💊How much calcium is needed in women with osteoporosis taking estrogen

A

1000 mg/day

69
Q

💊How much calcium is needed in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who are not taking estrogen

A

1500 mg/day

70
Q

🍓High calcium foods that are encouraged with osteoporosis

A

Whole or skim milk, yogurt, turnip greens, spinach, cottage cheese, ice cream, sardines

71
Q

💊Calcium is given in divided doses with food because it is difficult to absorb in single doses greater than

A

500

72
Q

💊When taking Salmon calcitonin, calcium supplement is necessary to prevent

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

73
Q

💊What therapy is given for women with osteoporosis

A

Hormone replacement therapy

74
Q

Nursing diagnosis for osteoporosis

A

Acute/chronic pain

75
Q

What is the most common complication of Paget’s disease

A

Pathogenic fracture

76
Q

What gender is affected 2:1 in Paget’s disease👫

A

Men

77
Q

In Paget’s disease new bone is larger, disorganized, and structurally weaker because normal bone marrow is replaced by

A

Vascular, fibrous connective tissue

78
Q

What regions are affected by Paget’s disease

A

Pelvis, long bones, spine, ribs, sternum, cranium

79
Q

😰 Clinical manifestations of Paget’s disease

A 
Bone pain
Fatigue
Progressive development of waddling gait
Enlarged/thickened skull 
Bowed legs
Decreased height
Shortened trunk with long appearing arms
Kyphosis
80
Q

💉Lab test for Paget’s disease

A

⬆️Alkaline phosphatase- normal= 38 - 126

81
Q

Collaborative care for Paget’s disease

A

Symptomatic and supportive care

82
Q

😷 Nursing Management for Paget’s disease

A

Administer analgesics
Increase sun exposure
Encourage rest
Prevent pathogenic fractures by using safety precautions

83
Q

🍓Nutrition for Paget’s disease

A

High vitamin D

84
Q

Complications of Paget’s disease

A 
Uncontrolled pain
Fractures
Psychosocial issues
Immobility
Decalcification of bones
85
Q

Nursing diagnosis for Paget’s disease

A

Potential for injury

86
Q

Radicular pain that radiates down the buttock and below the knee, along with the distribution of the sciatic nerve, generally indicates

A

Herniated intervertebral disc

87
Q

💉Laboratory findings that the nurse would expect to be present in the patient with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)

88
Q

Which other extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is most likely to be seen in the patient with rheumatoid nodules

A

Felty Syndrome

89
Q

What is an ominous sign of advanced systemic lupus erythematous

A

Dysrhythmias from fibrosis of the atrioventricular node

90
Q

💉When would you expect a patient with systemic lupus erythematous being treated with corticosteroids to be tapered off of the drug

A

Serum laboratory results show decreased anti-DNA

91
Q

😰 Clinical Manifestations of Scleroderma

A

Thickening of the skin of the fingers and hands

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