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From Flashcardlet > (3) Exam 2-😗💨 (10/1/15) Lecture > Flashcards

(3) Exam 2-😗💨 (10/1/15) Lecture Flashcards

0
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What emergency surgery is used to treat Cardiac Tamponade?

A

Emergent Pericardiocentesis

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1
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
How much lymphatic fluid does the body produce in a day?
A

1500-2500 mL/day

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2
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is Hemothorax?

A

Blood in the pleural space resulting from injury

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3
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
How much can the heart increase when there is ineffective pumping and the muscle is being overworked related to Cor Pulmonale?

A

Heart can increase by 150%

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4
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 With initial interventions of Cardiac Tamponade, what type of dressing is used to cover the sucking chest wound and how is it applied?
A

Nonporous Dressing taped on 3 sides.

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5
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What two lung disease are linked to COPD?

A

Bronchitis and Emphysema

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6
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What can you get with COPD that results in muscle wasting and metabolic disorders?

A

Kekexia

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7
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 When using Spirometry to diagnose COPD, what does the number "1" indicate?
A

1 = 1 second

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8
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Is the patient unable to inhale or exhale with a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax?

A

Exhale

Allows air to enter though the opening in the chest wall but as lung is trying to get rid of air the flap will close.

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9
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What ongoing monitoring is done with Cardiac Tamponade?
A 
▪️Vital Signs
▪️LOC
▪️O2 Sat
▪️Cardiac Rhythm 
▪️Respiratory Status
▪️Urinary Output (I&O)
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10
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 To reduce symptoms and improve quality of life, what type of rehab is recommended to patients with COPD upon discharge?
A

Pulmonary Rehab

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11
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What system is disrupted with a Chylothorax?

A

Lymph system

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12
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "D" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

D = Dyspnea (SOB)

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13
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
Deceleration, Acceleration, Shearing, and Compression are what type of injuries?
A

Blunt

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14
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is Co2 narcosis and why is it monitored for in patients with COPD?

A

Normally our body tells the brain when we have too much Co2 and when to get rid of it but with COPD they gain a tolerance to high Co2 levels and the drive in the respiratory center gives up. Co2 can build up and reach levels that can be toxic.

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15
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the portion of the lung involved in gas exchange (Alveoli, Alveolar Ducts and Respiratory Bronchioles) known as?
A

Parenchyma

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16
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What clinical manifestations occur with exacerbations?

A 
▪️↑Dyspnea
▪️↑Sputum
▪️↑Insomnia
▪️↑Fatigue
▪️Depression
▪️Confusion
▪️↓Exercise Tolerance
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17
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What do you want to teach the patient with COPD regarding sleep aids
A

Do not take sleep aids because they decrease respiratory drive

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18
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 Diagnosis for COPD is considered with what type of cough and when does the cough usually occur?
A

Chronic and Intermittent cough that is common in the morning

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19
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why is breathing less affective with Flail Chest?

A

Work of breathing increases due to loss of integrity in the chest.

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20
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 Why does a patient with Flail Chest unable to take a deep breath?
A

Because it causes pain

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21
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What procedure allows air to come out of a certain area and is performed at the bedside?

A

Thoracentesis

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22
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 How is a vent dressing applied?

A

Taped on 3 sides and layered to allow it to flap

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23
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What represents the termination of vital capacity from total expiration when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

FVC

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24
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
COPD is a system disease that results from what?

A

Chronic Inflammation

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25
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What type of therapy improves survival, exercise capacity, cognitive performance and sleep in hypoxemic patients?
A

Long-term O2 therapy

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26
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 How is the treatment for a Hemothorax?

A

Chest Tube

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27
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does FVC measure when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

Force Vital Capacity

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28
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What are considered quick relief or “Rescue Drugs”?

A

Short-Acting Bronchodilators

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29
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "B" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

B = Body Mass Index

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30
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 Inhaled Corticosteroid therapy is used for treatment of moderate to severe cases of COPD and can be used with what other drug?
A

Short Term Agonist

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31
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is not fully reversible with COPD?

A

Airflow limitation

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32
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 Nursing Interventions for Cardiac Tamponade?

A

▪️Assess for signs of respiratory distress

▪️Assess for signs of cardiovascular compromise

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33
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What do you do if a dressing is causing Tension Pneumothorax?
A

Remove dressing and allow it to equalize until the patient can get into surgery.

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34
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 When would you remove the dressing covering the sucking chest wound with Cardiac Tamponade?

A

If the dressing is causing Tension Pneumothorax and not allowing air to escape.

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35
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💉 What are typical ABG findings in later stages of COPD?

A

▪️↓ Ph
▪️↓ PaO2
▪️↑ PaCO2
▪️↑ HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

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36
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
A Pneumothorax with what characteristics may resolve spontaneously?
A

One that is stable with minimum air

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37
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
Why are COPD patients characteristically underweight with adequate caloric intake?
A

They’re using so much energy to breathe.

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38
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What surgical procedure used as treatment for Pneumothorax consists of a sticky substance put into pleural space that allows for chest to expand?
A

Pleurodesis

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39
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Open wound through the pleural space such as gunshot or knife?

A

Penetrating

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40
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 With COPD, what clinical manifestation can occur many years before air flow is limited?

A

Dyspnea

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41
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What are the clinical manifestations of a Large Pneumothorax?

A

▪️Shallow, rapid respirations
▪️Chest Pain
▪️Cough
▪️Will not hear air exchange in the affected area

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42
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does FEV1 measure when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

Forced Expiatory Volume

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43
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💥 What is a close pneumothorax?

A

Air or gas gets into pleural space without an outside wound

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44
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷💥 What do you initially want to ensure in a patient with Flail Chest? What is priority?
A

Airway Management

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45
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the worst / most severe stage of COPD using “GOLD”

A

GOLD 4 - Goes from mild to severe (1-4)

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46
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What occurs if Tension Pneumothorax is not resolved?

A

Death

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47
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What represents the volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

FEV1

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48
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷 How often is Postural Drainage commonly ordered?

A

2-4 times per day

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49
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What s/s of cardiac compromise are you assessing for with Cardiac Tamponade?

A 
▪️Rapid, Thready Pulse
▪️Decreased BP with narrowed pulse pressure and/or asymmetric readings
▪️Distended Neck Veins
▪️Muffled Heart Sounds
▪️Dysrhythmias
▪️Chest Pain
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50
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What feature of COPD happens due to mucous hyper-secretion, mucosal edema and bronchospasms?

A

Airflow obstruction

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51
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
🚬 What are the risk factors for a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A 
▪️Smoking
▪️Tall and Thin
▪️Male Gender
▪️Family History
▪️History of Spontaneous Pneumothorax
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52
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What is paradoxical movement and what type of chest trauma is affected by it?
A

Movement in opposite directions. In-drawing on inspiration and outward movement with expiration that is seen in patients with Flail Chest.

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53
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊❓ What innovative wellness product made from prickly pear cactus is used as an Anti-Inflammatory Antibiotic for COPD?

A

Nopalea

She mentioned this when talking about Antibiotic Therapy for COPD. I looked it up and it looks like some kind of juice from infomercials. I think it was originally used for Diabetic Neuropathy but it does state that it is an Anti-Inflammatory which is all that she mentioned about it in class so I assume thats what shes talking about.

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54
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What β2-Andrenergic Agonist Drug is used to target small airway and is known as “Rescue Drug”?

A

Albuterol

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55
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What does positive pressure in the lung cavity cause?
A

Causes the lungs to collapse

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56
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What type of temporary dressing is applied to a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax?
A

Vent Dressing

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57
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
🚨 What type of pneumothorax is a medical emergency?
A

Tension Pneumothorax

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58
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why is a Tension Pneumothorax a medical emergency?

A

It is affecting the cardiovascular and respiratory system. Both lungs are getting compressed and air is unable to escape.

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59
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
When may a patient with COPD experience chest tightness?

A

During activity

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60
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What therapy is used with Flail Chest?

A

▪️IV Solution

▪️O2 Therapy

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61
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 How is Tension Pneumothorax treated / resolved?

A

Needle insertion → Let air out → Put chest tube in → Apply closed water seal → Let it heal

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62
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 COPD is more common in what gender?

A

Males

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63
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are the two types of spontaneous pneumothorax?
A

Primary and Secondary

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64
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What chest trauma causes an unstable segment and periodical movement during breathing?

A

Flail Chest

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65
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the average number of exacerbations in a year but increase with progression of COPD?

A

Average 1-2 a year

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66
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why is Title Volume decreased in Flail Chest?

A

Because it compresses the lungs on the affected side on inspiration.

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67
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is seen in Flail Chest that leads to edema and the collecting of blood in the alveolar spaces?

A

Pulmonary Contusion (Bruising of the Lung)

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68
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What are the signs of severity with exacerbations of COPD?

A

▪️Use of accessory muscles

▪️Central Cyanosis

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69
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What degree of pneumothorax is common in newborns?

A

Small Pneumothorax

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70
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 With initial interventions of Cardiac Tamponade, what type of IV access is established?
A

2 Large Bore Catheters

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71
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 Clinical manifestations of a Tension Pneumothorax?

A 
▪️Dyspnea 
▪️Tachycardia
▪️Tracheal Deviation 
▪️No breath sounds on affected side
▪️Neck Vein Distention
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72
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What are the clinical manifestations of Flail Chest?

A

▪️Shallow, Rapid respirations
▪️Tachycardia
▪️Crepitus

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73
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 When is dyspnea present with rest in COPD?

A

With advanced disease

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74
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 When performing a physical examination on a patient with COPD, what position would you likely find them in?

A

Tripod position- Sitting up forward with arms on the table

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75
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What do Anticholinergics target?
A

Large airway

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76
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What are the clinical manifestations of Cardiac Tamponade?

A

▪️Muffled, distant heart sounds
▪️Hypotension
▪️Neck Vein Distention
▪️Increased Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

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77
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of Pneumothorax causes mediastinal shifting?
A

Tension Pneumothorax

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78
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What does mediastinal shifting cause in a Tension Pneumothorax?
A

Pushes unaffected / healthy side which further compresses oxygen and causes hemodynamic instability. (Good lung gets stressed)

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79
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
Due to increased Right Ventricular Hypertrophy where there is ineffective pumping because muscle is overworked, what does Cor Pulmonale eventually cause?
A

Right-Sided Heart Failure

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80
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What test used to diagnose COPD uses FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Spirometry

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81
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 What type of diet is recommended for patients with COPD?
A

▪️↑Calorie

▪️↑Protein

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82
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💥 What is an open pneumothorax?

A

Air gets into the pleural space from an injury to the chest

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83
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
♿️ What is a complication of COPD?

A

Infection

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84
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are the two mechanisms of injury with chest trauma?
A

Blunt & Penetrating

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85
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷💥 With a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax, when do you remove the impelled / penetrating object?
A

NEVER!!!

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86
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷💥 What vaccine does a patient with COPD need?
A

Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccine (Pneumovax)

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87
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
❓ Excess inflation of the lung caused by Bagging (Artificial Ventilation), CPR or a chronic cough can cause what injury to the lungs?

A

Can pop a lung

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88
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 To have reverse pressure and allow the lung to deflate, what type of drainage is ordered or put to chest tubes?
A

Water Seal Drainage

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89
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What are the primary causes of exacerbation?

A

Bacterial and Viral infections

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90
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is destroyed from damaging exposure to smoke or other harmful substances with Emphysema?

A

Air sacs / alveoli

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91
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What clinical manifestations are present in the unconscious patient with Flail Chest?

A

Small, Shallow breathing

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92
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 Individuals at what age with a history of smoking 10 or more packs a year are look at as developing COPD

A

> 40 years

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93
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What are the clinical manifestations of a Small Pneumothorax?

A

▪️Mild tachycardia

▪️Dyspnea

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94
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 When negative pressure in the pleural space turns into positive pressure due to air getting in from the lungs, what direction will the lungs go?
A

Outward

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95
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is death related to with Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Inadequate cardiac output or severe hypoxia

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96
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
Chronic inflammation and destruction of Lung Parenchyma occurs in which lung disease?
A

COPD

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97
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 Why do you want to encourage patients with COPD to get up and move around as much as they can?
A

It will stimulate their activity

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98
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What assists in bronchial drainage when performing postural drainage?

A

Gravity

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99
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why cant air escape with a Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Flap in the chest wall.

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100
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What causes a pneumothorax?

A

Air entering the pleural cavity

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101
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What does a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax create in the chest wall?
A

A flap

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102
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "E" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

E = Exercise

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103
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What s/s of respiratory distress are you assessing for in patients with Cardiac Tamponade?

A 
▪️Dyspnea 
▪️Cough with or without hemoptysis 
▪️Cyanosis
▪️Tracheal Deviation
▪️Decreased Breath Sounds
▪️Decreased O2 Saturations 
▪️Frothy Secretions
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104
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What would you find during the physical examination of a patient with COPD?

A 
▪️Tripod Position
▪️Prolonged Expiratory Phase
▪️Wheezes
▪️Decreased Breath Sounds
▪️Barrel Chest
▪️Pursed Lip Breathing
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105
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What are the initial interventions for Cardiac Tamponade?
A

▪️Ensure Patient Airway
▪️Administer O2 and keep >90%
▪️Establish IV access with 2 large bore catheters
▪️Remove clothing to assess injury
▪️Cover sucking chest wound with nonporous dressing
▪️Stabilize impelled object
▪️Assess for other significant injuries
▪️Stabilize flail rib segment
▪️Place in Semi-Fowlers or position of comfort
▪️Prepare for emergency decompression

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106
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What at home exercise regimen is encouraged for patients with COPD?

A

Exercise as much as they can. Walk 15-20 mins per day

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107
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 COPD causes what type of breathing that uses accessory and intercostal muscles due to inefficient breathing?
A

Chest Breathing

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108
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What conservative treatment is used treat Chylothorax?

A

▪️Chest drainage inserted
▪️Rest the bowel
▪️TPN Lipids
▪️Pleurodesis (Surgical procedure that causes membranes around the lungs to stick together)

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109
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈 What diagnostic study measures the impact of COPD on a persons life?

A

COPD Assessment Test (CAT)

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110
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
How will a large pneumothorax appear on an x-ray?

A

Will have a dark area where there should be a lung (white)

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111
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 Why is IV Solution used with Flail Chest?

A

Volume Expansion

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112
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What is RUQ pain related to with Cor Pulmonale?

A

Hepatomegaly

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113
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is a late manifestation of Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease that results from pulmonary hypertension?

A

Cor Pulmonale

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114
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstruction in air flow from the lungs?
A

COPD

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115
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 Although COPD is more common in men, why do more woman die from it?
A

Woman have smaller lungs, airways and more exacerbations.

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116
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷💥 What interventions may need to be done to manage patients with Flail Chest due to a compromised respiratory system and ineffective ventilation?
A

Ventilation and Sedation

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117
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is Cor Pulmonale cause in COPD?

A

Hypertrophy of the right side of the heart

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118
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the primary process of COPD?

A

Inflammation

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119
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
With Cardiac Tamponade, what is prevented due to collection of blood in the pericardial sac that puts pressure on the myocardium?

A

Prevents ventricles from filling

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120
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What medical procedures can cause an iatrogenic pneumothorax?

A

Thoracentesis
Catheter Insertion (Especially Subclavian)
Barrel Trauma from excess ventilation pressure
Vent is set wrong or artificial ventilation
Esophageal Procedure
Intubation
NG Tube in the wrong way

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121
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
COPD often coexists with what disease?

A

Heart disease

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122
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💥 When the lining of the pleura is disrupted, air gets in and can cause what types of pneumothorax? (2 Types of pneumothorax)
A

Open and Closed

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123
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 What are the risk factors for COPD?

A 
▪️Cigarette Smoking
▪️Occupational Chemicals and Dust
▪️Air Pollution 
▪️Infection
▪️Heredity
▪️Aging
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124
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is Title Volume?

A

Volume left in the lungs after expiration

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125
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What drug therapy is used for COPD?

A

▪️Bronchodilators
▪️Antibiotics
▪️Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
▪️Combivent Respimat

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126
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
In what patient will you see Flail Chest quickly?

A

In the unconscious patient because they are still trying to breathe.

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127
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of pneumothorax is caused by a medical procedure?
A

Iatrogenic Pneumothorax

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128
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 What should patients with COPD avoid related to nutrition and diet?
A

▪️Foods that require a great deal of chewing because it takes a lot energy
▪️Exercise or treatments 1 hour before and after eating
▪️Bloating / Gas forming foods
▪️Satiety (Feeling or condition of eating beyond capacity)

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129
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why does neck vein distention occur with Tension Pneumothorax?
A

Because the circulatory system is involved

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130
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 Patients with COPD usually exhibit what common characteristic as a result of airway inflammation and response to noxious stimuli?
A

Mucus Hyper-secretion

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131
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "O" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

O = Airway Obstruction

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132
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What will ABG’s reveal with COPD?

A

Respiratory Acidosis (↑Co2 ↓SaO2)

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133
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What do you recommend for patients with COPD that are having trouble sleeping?
A

Sleep sitting up in a chair

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134
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What respiratory dysfunction is preventable and treatable in early treatment?
A

COPD

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135
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is a Chylothorax?

A

Lymphatic fluid in the pleural space

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136
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 Clinical manifestations of Cor Pulmonale?

A 
▪️Dyspnea
▪️Lung sounds normal but may hear crackles in the bases
▪️Distended Neck Veins
▪️Hepatomegaly with RUQ tenderness
▪️Peripheral Edema
▪️Weight Gain
▪️Exacerbations
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137
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈 Why is a flat diaphragm seen on X-Rays of patients with COPD?

A

Hyper-inflated Lungs

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138
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈 What diagnostic study is a scale that looks at how much dyspnea they have?

A

Modified Medical Reasearch Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale

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139
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is “GOLD” used for with COPD?

A

Stages severity of COPD

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140
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of Pneumothorax is caused by a lung laceration or alveolar rupture?
A

Traumatic Blunt Closed Pneumothorax

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141
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What is the best treament for Exacerbations?

A

Short-Acting Bronchodilators (Beta-2 Agonist)

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142
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷💥 What areas do you not percuss over?
A 
▪️Kidneys
▪️Spinal Cord
▪️Sternum
▪️Boney Prominences
▪️Tender or Painful areas
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143
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What do patients with COPD have an increased risk of developing?
A

Other Lung Diseases (Lung Disease, Lung Cancer, etc..)

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144
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 How much fluid intake should be taken between meals for patients with COPD?
A

3 L / Day

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145
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What Long-Acting Anticholinergic is commonly used to treat symptoms of COPD by opening and relaxing air passages to the lungs in order to make it easier to breathe?
A

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

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146
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are blebs?

A

Small sacs/blisters of air in the lung tissue

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147
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What antibiotic drug is commonly used for treatment of COPD?

A

Azithromyacin (Zithromax)

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148
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What drugs are used to treat Exacerbations?

A

▪️Short-Acting Bronchodilators
▪️Corticosteroids
▪️Antibiotics

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149
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor is an anti-inflammatory drug that prevents coughing and excess mucus from worsening by suppressing the cytokines that increase inflammation as a result of something that is aggravating the respiratory tract?

A

Roflumilast

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150
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What Bronchodilator agent target small airway?

A

️β2-Andrenergic Agonist

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151
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of pneumothorax can cause a sucking chest wound?
A

Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax

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152
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
How long does a productive cough have to last to be considered Chronic Bronchitis?
A

Consecutive for 3 months & 2 years in a row

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153
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What causes Flail Chest?

A

Fracture of several consecutive ribs in two or more separate places or fracture of the sternum

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154
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
With Emphysema, what happens to the alveoli that causes decreased lung function?
A

They stay hyper-inflated instead of expanding and contracting.

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155
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What common Bronchodilators are used to treat COPD?

A 
▪️β2-Andrenergic Agonist 
▪️Anticholinergics 
▪️Methlxanthines
▪️Long-Acting Anticholinergics
▪️Inhaled Corticosteroids
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156
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What home care do you want to teach patients with COPD?
A 
▪️Pulmonary Rehab
▪️Immunized
▪️Stay out of crowds
▪️Modify ADL's
▪️Conserve Energy
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157
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 Although you should refer to a dietician for patients with COPD, how many meals per day are commonly recommended?

A

5-6 small meals

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158
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 What causes COPD

A

Long term exposure to irritating gasses (includes smoking)

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159
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
The inability to expire the air causes the biggest problem in which Lung Disease?

A

COPD

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160
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷💥 What collaborative care involves hands in a cup-like position to create an air pocket to loosen secretions and facilitate the movement of thick mucus?

A

Postural Drainage and Percussion

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161
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
In what area of the lung does a spontaneous pneumothorax usually occur?
A

Apex (top of the lung)

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162
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 When using Spirometry to diagnose COPD, what is the normal FVC percentage and what percentage is expected in patients with COPD?
A 
Normal = 70%
COPD = Can get as low as 20-30%
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163
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are the degrees of a pneumothorax?

A

Small and Large

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164
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 When does dyspnea occur with exertion?
A

In early stages

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165
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What causes the barrel-chest appearance and disproportion in COPD?

A

Lungs are overinflated and not able to move air

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166
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What are 80-90% of COPD deaths are attributed to?

A

Tobacco Smoking

167
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What s/s of COPD are treated immediately?

A

Exacerbations

168
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 Combivent Respimat is a handheld nebulizer of what two drugs to treats and prevents bronchospasms, wheezing and SOB.

A

Ipratropium and Albuterol

169
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What is the best indicator for COPD because it compares all risk factors for having COPD?

A

BODE Index

170
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What type of breathing is common with COPD as a result of having to force air out?
A

Pursed Lip Breathing

171
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💹💉 What diagnostic studies and labs are done with Flail Chest?
A

▪️X-Ray

▪️ABG’s

172
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What type of Pneumothorax requires urgent needle decompression?
A

Tension Pneumothorax

173
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What is the most common treatment for Pneumothorax?

A

Chest Tube

174
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of pneumothorax is known to affect a variety of people including young healthy adults and can go unnoticed?
A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax - Can happen in young healthy adults or people with lung disease. The rupture of blebs may also go unnoticed.

175
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
🚨 What chest trauma is considered a medical emergency?

A

Cardiac Tamponade

176
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Rupture of blebs

177
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 Management of patient with Flail Chest?

A 
▪️Adequate Airway and Ventilation
▪️Oxygen Therapy
▪️IV Fluids
▪️Pain Control
▪️Surgical Fixation
178
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is a Hemopneumothorax?

A

Blood and air in the pleural space

179
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes which carry air to the lungs?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

180
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What two chest traumas have the possibility of being intubated?
A

Iatrogenic Pneumothorax and Cardiac Tamponade

181
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What is it called when there is an acute change / increase in a patients usual symptoms?
A

Exacerbations

182
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What is O2 therapy used for in COPD?

A

▪️Keep O2 sat >90% during rest, sleep and exertion

▪️PaO2 > 60 mmHg

183
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What are the two phases of Asthma?

A

Early & Late

184
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬 Sensitivity to what chemical found in aspirin and pain relievers can be a risk factor or trigger Asthma?

A

Salicylates

185
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊 What therapy is not indicated for SCLC?
A

Surgical Therapy

186
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
😰In the work environment the occupational nurse needs to be aware of exposure and know to look for what s/s?
A

▪️Shortness of Breath

▪️Cough

187
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
Which NSCLC is peripheral located, has moderate growth and is considered for surgery depending on how much it has spread?

A

Adenocarcinoma

188
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What antibody is present in minute amounts in the body but plays a major role in allergic diseases by binding to allergens → triggers the release of substances from mast cells that cause inflammation → to begin a cascade of allergic reactions?

A

IgE

189
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
📈 What does an X-Ray reveal with a Pulmonary Embolism?
A

Flattening diaphragm, and respiratory distress or atelectasis (alveolar collapsing).

190
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
♿️ What complication of Asthma usually requires admission to ICU?

A

Life-Threatening Asthma

191
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What drugs have both Bronchodilator and Anti-Inflammatory effects but is not indicated for acute attacks?

A

Leukotriene Modifiers / Inhibitors

192
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
 ♿️Complications of a Pulmonary Embolism
A

▪️Pulmonary Infarction

▪️Pulmonary Hypertension

193
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What blockage of the pulmonary artery by thrombus can be stationary or an emboli?
A

Pulmonary Embolism

194
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 How do you gauge the severity of an Asthma Attack by the extent of wheezing?
A

Wheezing is unreliable to gauge severity

195
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
What is the leading cause cancer-related deaths in the US (28%)

A

Lung Cancer

196
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
How do you determine the number of packs per year using the Smoking Calculator when the patient smokes <1 pack per day?
A

Number of Cigs ➗ 20 = ?

? ✖️ Number of years smoked = Packs per Year

197
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
💊 Which two Lung Cancers use Chemotherapy and Radiation to buy some time because surgery is not indicated

A

▪️Large-Cell Carcinoma - Radiation is used.

▪️Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) - Chemotherapy is used as mainstay and radiation is used as support.

198
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💉 What is the PTT therapeutic range for patient receiving Heparin?
A

1.5 - 2 times the normal value.

199
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😷 When do you recommend getting into hospice once diagnosed with Lung Cancer?
A

Get into hospice right away

200
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
Most patients die within how long after the onset of a massive emboli?
A

1 - 2 hours

201
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚💥 When teaching patients with Asthma about reading / interpreting Peak Flow Meter results, what percentage is within the "Red Zone"?
A

<50%

202
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 What are late manifestations of Lung Cancer?
A 
Anorexia / Weight Loss
Fatigue
N & V
Hoarseness 
Unilateral Paralysis of Diaphragm
Dysphagia
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
Palpable Lymph Nodes  
Pericardial Effusion
203
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
What environmental lung disease gradually results in a hardening of the lungs making them difficult to inflate, requires a lung transplant to save the patients life, and many times results from an unknown cause?
A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

204
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 An Acute Asthma Attack usually reveals signs of what symptom?

A

Hypoxermia

205
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is VATS used for?
A

Tumors near the outside of the lung

206
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬 What type of nose and sinus problems can be a risk factor or trigger Asthma?
A

▪️Inflammation of mucus membranes
▪️Polyps that need to be removed
▪️History of allergic rhinitis

207
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What type of Emboli can be taken care of by out circulatory system?
A

Small Emboli

208
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😷 How do you assess for bleeding in patients taking Anticoagulant Therapy?
A

Turn them over because bleeding tends to pool

209
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What primary lung cancer accounts for 20% of all primary lung cancers and grows rapidly?
A

Small-Cell Lung Cancer

210
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💉 Due to inadequate oxygenation to an occluded vessel, what results may appear with ABG's?
A

↓PaO2

211
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What type of obstruction can be caused by a IV or Syringe that hasn't been primed?
A

Air Embolism

212
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
How often does Moderate Persistent Asthma occur?
A

Daily

213
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is associated with variable airflow obstruction?
A

Asthma

214
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😷How do you prevent DVT and Pulmonary Embolism?
A 
▪️Early ambulation of post-op patients 
▪️Avoid immobility
▪️Leg exercises for bedridden patients
▪️Prophylactic Anticoagulants
▪️Pneumatic device for lower extremities
215
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😷 If you're assisting with a Thoracentesis, when would you want to save fluid and have it analyzed?
A

If the patient has had a productive or nonproductive cough

216
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💥 What does the "M" stand for in the TNM System?
A

The presence or absence of distant Metastases

217
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What drug is used to treat thrush caused by Corticosteroid therapy?

A

Nystatin

218
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
💉 What is troponin and why are troponin levels tested?

A

Proteins that are found in the heart. Troponin levels are tested because the protein is released when there is damage to the heart such as a MI or CHF.

219
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
In what area does lung cancer primarily occur?
A

In segmental bronchi and upper lobes

220
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What is the response / role of Macrophages, Eosinophils and Neutrophils?

A

They respond to invaders and fight infection

221
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
♿️ What can occur if inflammation of Asthma isn’t treated or resolved?

A

It can lead to irreversible lung damage

222
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is Lobectomy?
A

Taking out one lobe

223
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊 Chemotherapy is typically combined with two or more drugs that do what action?
A

Targeted Therapies that target the growth of the molecules and the other targets the cancer cells

224
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💉 What is a normal PTT?
A

25-35 seconds

225
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
📈 Why cant Sputum Cytology be diagnostic for Lung Cancer?
A

You cant always catch it because there will not always be lung cancer cells in each sputum sample.

226
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😷 What is the first thing you want to do if a pulmonary embolism is suspected?
A

Sit the patient up in the semi-fowlers position

227
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
🚬 Why are woman smokers at greater risk for lung cancer than male smokers?
A

Smaller surface

228
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚 When teaching patients with Asthma about reading / interpreting Peak Flow Meter results, what information do they need to know about the "Green Zone"?
A

To remain on their medication

229
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬 What type of allergen exposure trigger or be a risk factor for Asthma?
A

Overexposure

Cats, Dogs, Fungi, Mold & Seasonal Changes

230
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😷💥 How often should the patient with Critical, Severe and Life -Threatening Exacerbations be monitored ?

A

Continuous Monitoring

231
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 Lung Cancer usually presents as what illness that doesn't respond to treatment.
A

Lobular Pneumonia that doesn’t respond to treatment.

232
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 During an Asthma Attack, what changes occur related to breathing?
A 
▪️Feeling of suffocation due to difficulty with air movement 
▪️Prolonged Expiration
▪️Cant take a deep breath
▪️Hard time speaking
▪️Using accessory muscles to breathe
233
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What system is used to stage NSCLC?
A

TNM System

234
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
📈 How do you get a definitive diagnosis for Lung Cancer?
A

Lung Biopsy

235
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is the Smoking Calculator used for?
A

Determines the risk for developing lung cancer

236
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
♿️ What complications can occur secondary to Pulmonary Infarction?

A 
▪️Hemorrhaging
▪️Abscesses
▪️Pulmonary Hypertension
▪️Hypoxic
▪️️Pleural Effusion (Fluid build up between pleural space)
237
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
💥To decrease environmental toxins and occupational exposure, what does a work environment need?
A

▪️Good Ventilation
▪️Good Protective Equipment
▪️Occupational Nurses need to be aware of exposure and know the signs
▪️💥FITTED RESPIRATORS💥

238
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
How do you determine the number of packs per year using the Smoking Calculator when the patient smokes >1 pack/day?
A

Packs/day ✖️ Years smoked = Packs per Year

239
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 Why is the first dose of Anti-IgE drugs given at the MD office?
A

Because they can have a severe allergic reaction.

240
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is the average survival rate for patients with Small-Cell Lung cancer who are receiving treatment?
A

12 Months

241
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What results from hypoxia associated with a massive or recurrent emboli?
A

Pulmonary Hypertension

242
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What blocks the pulmonary arteries to cause a Pulmonary Embolism?
A

Thrombus, Fat or Air Embolus, or Tumor Tissue

243
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What is an emboli?
A

Something that travels from a different location

244
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
How often does Intermittent Asthma occur?
A

Less than or equal to 2 days a week

245
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What 3 types of Bronchodilators are used for the treatment of Asthma?
A

▪️β-Adrenergic Blocker
▪️Anticholinergics
▪️Methylxanthines

246
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
What environmental lung disease is due to exposure of chemicals that are "floating around"?
A

Chemical Pneumonitis

247
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
💊 What are Tissue Plasminogen Activators used for?

A

Clot busters

248
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What percentage of patients with a Pulmonary Embolism die within the first hour?
A

10%

249
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚 When do you teach patients with Asthma?
A

Start at time of diagnosis and integrate through care

250
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 What breath sounds will be heard during a Major Asthma Attack?

A

“Silent Chest”
Airway is completely restricted
No Wheezing

251
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😰What sounds may be heard in the lungs with a Pulmonary Embolism?
A

▪️Crackles

▪️Wheezing

252
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
📈 Although it is NOT diagnostic of a Pulmonary Embolism, what might a Electrocardiogram reveal?
A

ST segment or T-Wave Changes

253
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is Airway Stinting used for?
A

Obstruction

254
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
How often does Mild Persistent Asthma occur?
A

Greater than 2 days/week but not daily

255
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
What promotes the development of Lung Cancer Tumors and what determines how fast it grows?

A

Development is promoted by epithelial growth factor and the faster the epithelial lays down, the faster the tumor will grow.

256
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💥 What does the "T" stand for in the TNM System?
A

Denotes- Tumor Size, Location, & Degree of invasion

257
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 How often are IV Corticosteroids administered?

A

Q4-6hrs & then are given orally

258
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What is given as a Bronchodilator for the treatment of Severe and Life-Threatening Exacerbations and relaxes smooth muscle?

A

IV Magnesium Sulfate

259
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What tissue plasminogen activator in our body causes blood clots to dissolve?
A

Alteplase

260
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😷 What complications do you want to asses for when a patient is on Anticoagulant Therapy?
A

Petechia
Bruising
Bleeding

261
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
♿️ What complication can manifest from unrelieved Pulmonary Hypertension?
A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

262
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊What NSCLC arise in bronchi and get into lymphatic system in the blood?
A

Large Cell Carcinoma

263
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What are Pulmonary Embolisms caused by 90% of the time?
A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

264
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬💥 In what two ways can an immune response be a risk factor or trigger asthma?

A

▪️Hygiene Hypothesis

▪️Overuse of Antibiotics

265
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
♿️ SCLC can metastasis to what locations?
A 
Liver
Brain
Bones
Lymph Nodes
Adrenal Glands
266
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊💥 What type of surgical therapy is the smallest sample and removes a sample of lung containing cancer cells along with cells that surround it?
A

Wedge Resections

267
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What can the patient do to reduce the dry, hacking cough caused by Corticosteroid therapy?
A

▪️Use a spacer

▪️Gargle / Rinse after each use

268
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What drug is effective for relieving acute bronchospasms r/t Asthma?

A

β-Adrenergic Agonist (SABA’s)

269
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬💥 How does GERD trigger Asthma?
A

Due to drugs (Short Term Agonist)

270
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What gender is 76% more likely to have asthma?

A

Woman

271
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 What are the early symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
A

Non-Productive Cough and Hemoptysis (Coughing up blood)

272
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 Beclomethasone and Budesonide are what type of drugs used to treat Asthma?
A

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)

273
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
Symptoms in the Early Phase of Asthma that is common with substances such as cleaning supplies, occurs within what amount of time?

A

30-60 minutes

274
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What Anti-Inflammatory Corticosteroid is used for the treatment of Asthma?

A

Flovent

275
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😷 What type of support should not be overlooked in patient with a Pulmonary Embolism and why?
A

Emotional support and reassurance because the patient is scared.

276
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 Lung Cancer symptoms appear late in disease and may be masked by what symptom?
A

Chronic Cough

277
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What are the classifications of Asthma?
A

▪️Intermittent
▪️Mild Persistent
▪️Moderate Persistent
▪️Severe Persistent

278
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 What early manifestations may occur in lung cancer?
A 
Dyspnea 
Wheezing
Chest Pain
Hemoptysis
Pneumonitis (Inflammation of the walls of the alveoli)
279
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What medications are given to treat Severe and Life-Threatening Exacerbations?

A

▪️IV Corticosteroids
▪️IV Magnesium Sulfate
▪️IV Fluid

280
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊Radiation used as pallative therapy is used to relieve what symptoms?
A

Dyspnea and Pain

281
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What Leukotriene Modifier Drug that is used to treat or prevent Asthma is used as prophylaxis and maintenance therapy?
A

Montelukast (Singulair)

282
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
🚬 What is the most important risk factor in 80-90% of all lung cancers?
A

Smoking

283
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬💥 What is Aspirin Triad?

A

Complex medical condition that causes patients to have Asthma, Nasal Polyps and Chronic Sinusitis due to sensitivity to Salicylate’s / Aspirin.

284
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💊 What pain medication is given r/t coronary blood flow?
A

Morphine

285
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😷 In addition to turn, cough and deep breathing, how often should a patient use an inventive spirometer after surgery?
A

Every couple hours for the first 24 hours

286
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
Why isn't TNM System always useful in SCLC?
A

Because its so aggressive

287
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💹 What are the best diagnostic studies for Asthma?

A

▪️Peak Flow Monitoring / PERF

▪️Pulmonary Function Test

288
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬 How can overuse of Antibiotics cause an immune response that is a risk factor or triggers Asthma?

A

Building up resistance

289
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
If minimal or no other oxygen supply reaches the essential parts of the pulmonary system, either from the airways or from the bronchial arterial circulation, what will occur due to necrosis of the lung tissue?

A

Pulmonary Infarction

290
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What contains 60 carcinogens that interfere with cell development and causes a change in bronchial epithelium?
A

Smoking

291
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What lung cancer metastasis by Direct Extension, Blood Circulation or Lymphatic System?
A

Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

292
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 Xolair is what type of drug used for the treatment of Asthma?
A

Anti-IgE

293
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 What breath sounds will be heard during a Minor Asthma Attack?

A

Inspiratory and Expiratory Wheezing

294
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😰What is the most common symptom of a Pulmonary Embolism and is present in 85% of cases?
A

Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)

295
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 What may be obstructed in the late manifestations of Lung Cancer?
A

Superior Vena Cava

296
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊 What is the action of the chemotherapy drug Erlotinib (Tarceva)?
A

Looks for signals for growth of cancer cells and blocks that signal

297
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
Describe the process of a Pulmonary Embolism.
A

Material gets access to the Venus system → Pulmonary Circulation → Travels with blood flow until it gets to smaller and smaller vessels → Obstructs alveolar perfusion → Stops

298
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💊 How long will a patient be on Coumadin when given to wean off Heparin?
A

3-6 months

299
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
♿️ What complications do you want to monitor for with radiation therapy?
A

Esophagitis
Skin Irritation
N & V
Anorexia

300
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊 What is the primary treatment for SCLC?
A

Chemotherapy

301
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is the average survival rate for a patient with Small-Cell Lung Cancer
A

6 Weeks

302
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is Radio-frequency Ablation used for?
A

SCLC and NSCLC tumors that are on the outer edge of the lungs

303
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
😷 Acute interventions for Lung Cancer?
A 
▪️Offer support during diagnostic evaluation. Devastating to families and hard to watch. Provide resources they need.
▪️Monitor for stressors
▪️Symptom Management
▪️Patient Teaching
▪️Pain Relief
▪️Monitor for Side Effects
▪️Foster Coping Strategies
▪️Smoking Cessation
▪️Assess Resources - Get Hospice as soon as they can
304
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What drug used for the treatment of Asthma suppresses inflammatory response, reduces bronchial hyper-responsiveness and decreases mucus production?

A

Corticosteroid

305
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What type of inhaler is used to administer Advair for the treatment of Asthma?
A

Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)

306
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
💊 Chemotherapy and Radiation can be used as supportive therapy in which two NSCLC?

A

▪️Squamous Cell Carcinoma

▪️Large-Cell Carcinoma

307
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What is used to treat inflammation Asthma in Late Phase of the response?

A

Corticosteroids

308
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 How long is the onset of action and duration of β-Adrenergic Agonist (SABA's) used for the treatment ofAsthma?
A 
Onset = within minutes
Duration = 4 - 8 hours
309
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
💉 What is know as the “Cardiac Mirror Hormone”?

A

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

310
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, and Large-Cell Carcinoma are what type of lung cancer?
A

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

311
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
📈What Diagnostic study involves inection and inhalation of a radioactive substance?
A

VQ Scan (Ventilation Perfusion Scan)

312
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
Which Lung Cancer is the most malignant and metastasizes early resulting in a poor prognosis?

A

Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

313
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
💉 What lab test can be done to determine if pulmonary hypertension or any other damage to the heart has occurred due to a Pulmonary Embolism?
A

Troponin Levels (Troponin i & Troponin T)

314
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What NSCLC does not respond well to chemotherapy?
A

Adenocarcinoma

315
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
The Late Phase response of Asthma occurs within how long after the initial attack?
A

4 - 6 hours

316
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚 When teaching patients with Asthma about reading / interpreting Peak Flow Meter results, what information do they need to know about the "Red Zone"?
A

It indicates that the regimen isn’t working. There is a serious problem and action must be taken with the HCP.

317
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
♿️ What are the S/S of Life-Threatening Asthma?

A 
▪️Cant Speak
▪️Perspiring 
▪️Confused
▪️Drowsy - Low Oxygen
▪️Peak Expiratory Flow Rate <25%
318
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊What is the primary therapy used for those that are unable to tolerate surgery?
A

Radiation Therapy

319
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💥 What does the "N" stand for in the TNM System?
A

Indicates Region - Lymph Node Invasion / Involvement

320
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What is important to remember if it is the patients first dose of Anti-IgE?
A

1st Dose given in MD office

321
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💉 What protein identifies that a blood clot was present, is elevated with any clot degradation and can give false negatives with small a small pulmonary embolism?
A

D-Dimer

322
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What NSCLC is slow growing and centrally located?
A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

323
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What are the two different types of inhalers that are used as a means of delivering Asthma medication?
A

▪️Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

▪️Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)

324
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 Asthma leads to recurrent episodes of symptoms?

A

▪️Wheezing
▪️Breathlessness
▪️Chest Tightness
▪️Cough

325
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What NSCLC is highly metastatic, very malignant and has a poor prognosis?
A

Large-Cell Carcinoma

326
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What injury causes a Fat Embolism?
A

Fractured Long Bone

327
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
🚬 What are the risk factors for a Pulmonary Embolism?

**FYI- I listed the 3 she talked about the most in other sides but here is the entire list incase you want to know all of them

A 
▪️DVT
▪️IV or Syringe that hasn't been primed 
▪️Fracture of long bone 
▪️Immobility or Reduced Mobility
▪️Surgery
▪️History of DVT
▪️Malignancy
▪️Obesity
▪️Smoking
▪️Heart Failure
▪️Pregnancy / Delivery
▪️Clotting Disorders
▪️Atrial Fibrillation
▪️Central Venous Catheters
328
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What 3 factors cause obstruction in Asthma?
A

▪️Muscle Spasms
▪️Swollen Mucosa
▪️Mucus

329
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💉 What labs may be drawn on patient with Asthma?

A

ABG’s

330
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
How long does it take a tumor to reach 1cm?
A

8-10 years

331
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
A patient smokes 15 cigarettes per day for 40 years. Determine packs per year using the Smoking Calculator
A

15 ➗ 20 = 0.75

0.75 ✖️ 40 = 30 Pack Year

332
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 What behavioral changes occur during an Asthma Attack?
A

▪️Restlessness
▪️Anxiety
▪️Panic

333
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬💥 How do Short Term Agonist Drugs effect GERD?
A

Short Acting Bronchodilators relax the small airway and smooth muscle → Esophagus / Esophageal Flap gets lazy → Reflux

334
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 How often and by what route are Anti-IgE drugs administered?

A

SubQ injection Q2-4 Weeks

335
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
Who are surgical candidates related to TNM criteria?
A

1A, 2A, 2A

336
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
♿️ When Severe and Life-Threatening Exacerbations occur with Asthma, what is the expected HR and Peak with Flow Reader?

A

▪️Pulse >120

▪️Peak with Flow Reader is 40% at best even when they are at rest

337
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What are the side effects of Corticosteroids?

A

▪️Thrush
▪️Dry Hacking Cough
▪️Hoarseness

338
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊 What is the treatment choice for early stage NSCLC?
A

Surgery

339
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What is treatment for Asthma based on?

A

Severity and response to therapy

340
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 Albuterol and Pirbuterol are what type of drug used for the treatment of Asthma?
A

β-Adrenergic Agonist (SABA’s)

341
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
Which NSCLC accounts for 30-40% of all lung cancers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

342
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💉When monitoring laboratory results for pulmonary embolism, what do you want the the Warfarin / Coumadin therapeutic range to be?
A

2.0 - 3.0

343
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What type of inhaler is usually easier to use for the treatment of Asthma?
A

Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)

Advair is in a diskus

344
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😰What symptoms are expected with a Massive Emboli?
A

Abrupt Hypotension and Shock

345
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What NSCLC does not metastasize?
A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

346
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
What individuals are at risk for getting "Black Lung"
A

Coal Workers

347
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 Monoclonal Antibody binds to IgE Antibody to decrease what symptom of Asthma?

A

Bronchoconstriction

348
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
With what NSCLC is surgery typically not done due to the high rate of metastasis?
A

Large-Cell Carcinoma

349
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What treatment is used for Acute Asthma Exacerbations / Respiratory Distress?

A

Rescue Plan → 2-4 puffs of Albuterol Q20 min x3

350
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
😰 What Vital Sign changes are expected during an Asthma Attack?
(BP/HR/Resp)

A

▪️↑B/P
▪️↑HR
▪️↑Resp (>30)

351
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
Primary lung cancer is categorized into what two subtypes?
A

Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

352
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
🚬What is the risk for lung cancer related to?
A

Total exposure to tobacco smoke

353
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
♿️ What are the complications of Asthma?

A

▪️Severe and Life-Threatening Exacerbations

▪️Life-Threatening Asthma

354
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
In what NSCLC will symptoms not been seen until it has already spread?
A

Adenocarcinoma

355
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊💥 What lung sample is bigger than the Wedge sample?
A

Segmental

356
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 What is the most common symptom of lung cancer?
A

Persistent cough with sputum

357
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💹 Besides the preferred tests (PEFR and Pulmonary function), what other diagnostic study may be used for Asthma?
A

X-Ray

358
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is Pneumonectomy?
A

Taking out one lung

359
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
What Worldwide program produce guidelines, reports and resources about Asthma?
A

Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)

360
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💊 What is a low weight Heparin that is given SubQ and considered safer?
A

Lovenox

361
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What Bronchodilator alleviates the early phase of Asthma attacks but has little effect on bronchial hyper-responsiveness, is considered a less effective long-term Bronchodilator and has a 💥NARROW MARGIN OF SAFETY?
A

Methylxanthines

362
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
When you're exposed to something, what cells attack and remember so that next time they know how to respond to it next time?  They are known to have a long memory.
A

T & B Lymphocytes

363
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
A Pulmonary Embolism is usually found in what part of the lungs?
A

Smaller vessels in the lower lobes

364
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚 What should patients with Asthma be taught to do if bronchospasms occur?
A

Seek medical attention.

365
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
Which primary lung cancer grows at different rates and accounts for 80% of primary lung cancers?
A

Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

366
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😰 In later manifestations of Lung Cancer, what can Cardiac Tamponade lead to?
A

Dysrhythmias

367
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 Heliox (Combination of Helium & Oxygen) is used to treat Severe Life-Threatening Exacerbation because helium has low density and may help improve bronchodilation of what drug?

A

Albuterol

368
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
🚬 What are the risk factors for Lung Cancer?

A

▪️Total Exposure to Tobacco Smoke
▪️High Levels of Pollution
▪️Radiation
▪️Asbestosis

369
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What treatment is used for Moderate Asthma Exacerbations?

A

▪️Short Term Beta Agonist
▪️Oral Corticosteroids (Advair)
▪️O2 therapy may be started & monitored

370
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💊What medication is given to patients that have a predisposition for an emboli?
A

Heparin

371
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
♿️ What complication of a Pulmonary Embolism is most likely due to an occlusion in a large vessel, insufficient circulation in the bronchial system, or preexisting lung disease?
A

Pulmonary Infarction

372
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What form of Corticosteroid is used to control Exacerbations and manage Persistent Asthma?

A

Systemic

373
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚 What should you teach patients with Asthma about non-prescription drugs?

A

Non-Prescription combination drugs should be avoided.

374
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
In severe cases, what surgery can be performed for a massive pulmonary embolism that has a high mortality rate?
A

Pulmonary Embolectomy

375
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What NSCLC is the most common type in people who don't smoke?
A

Adenocarcinoma

376
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
😷 What care is given to patients that are stage 3B or 4 on the TNM System?
A

Chemo & Radiation

377
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
🚬 How is the risk for Lung Cancer related to total exposure to tobacco smoke determined?

A 
▪️Total Number of Cigarettes Smoked
▪️Age of Smoking Onset
▪️Depth of Inhalation
▪️Tar and Nicotine Content
▪️Use of Unfiltered Cigarettes
378
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What Oxygen therapy is given as treatment for Severe Life-Threatening Exacerbations?

A

▪️Keep oxygenated to improve ventilation
▪️Heliox- (Mixture of Oxygen & Helium)
▪️Supplemental O2 by mask or cannula for 90% Sat.

379
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
📈 What Diagnostic Test is done first with a Pulmonary Embolism?
A

X-Ray

380
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What 3 Anti-Inflammatory Drugs are used for the treatment of Asthma?

A

▪️Conticosteroids
▪️Leukotriene
▪️Monoclonal Antibody (Anti-IgE)

381
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
💊To wean patients off of Heparin, what is given before Heparin is stopped / discontinued?
A

Coumadin

382
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊 Even in progressive disease, what can be done to remove tumors to help the patient breathe better?
A

Bronchoscopy

383
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What Leukotriene Modifier drug is used for the treatment of Asthma?

A

Singulair

384
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
😰Clinical Manifestations of a Pulmonary Embolism
A 
▪️Dyspnea
▪️Tachypnea
▪️Cough
▪️Chest Pain
▪️Hemoptysis
▪️Fever
▪️Tachycardia
▪️Syncope
▪️Change in LOC
385
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
What is put in the inferior vena cava through the femoral artery to prevent migration of clots in the pulmonary system?
A

Inferior Vena Cava Filters

386
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
😷 Nursing Management for a Pulmonary Embolism?

A 
▪️Semi-Fowlers Position
▪️IV access
▪️Oxygen therapy for support
▪️Frequent Assessments
▪️Monitor Lab Results
▪️Emotional Support and Reassurance
️▪️Vital Signs
▪️Cardiac Rhythm
▪️Pulse Oximetry
▪️ABG's if ordered
▪️Listen to Lung Sounds
387
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
How often does Severe Persistent Asthma occur?
A

Continuous

388
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
🚬 When assessing for risk of Lung Cancer, what are the 3 categories would you place people in?

A

▪️Current Smokers
▪️Past Smokers
▪️Never Smoked

389
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
What is Pneumoconiosis
A

Acquired lung disease based on exposure in a work environment

390
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
What chronic and environmental lung disease is characterized by prolonged exposure to small fibers that can cause lung tissue scarring and shortness of breath?
A

Asbestosis

391
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
Late Phase Response of Asthma can be more severe than early phase and can last for how long?
A

24 hours or longer

392
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What patient using Corticosteroids for the treatment of Asthma need to make sure they're taking more Calcium, Vitamin D and doing weight bearing exercises?
A

Post-Menopausal

393
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What drug used for the treatment of Asthma inhibits chemicals your body releases that causes swelling in the lungs and tightening of the muscles in the airways when you breathe in allergen?

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

394
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What lung cancer is associated with an endocrine disorder?
A

SCLC

395
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊💥 What type of inhaler gives a specific amount of medication into the lungs?
A

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

396
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
💊Due to its slow growing process, what treatment option is more likely to be used for Squamous Cell Carcinoma than in other types of NSCLC?
A

Surgery

397
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
At what rate does SCLC grow?
A

Very rapid

398
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 Which Bronchodilator is most likely not going to be used due to is its side effects and reaction with other medications?

A

Methylxanthines- Theophylline

399
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
📈What is the best diagnostic study to use with a Pulmonary Embolism?
A

Ventilation / Perfusion Scan

400
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 What type of Corticosteroid is used for long-tern control?
A

Inhaled form

401
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#21)
People that work with stone, concrete, glass, rock, sand, and granite are at risk for getting what environmental lung disease?
A

Silicosis

402
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬💥 What is Hygiene Hypotheses?

A

Increased susceptibility to allergic diseases due to suppressing the natural development of the immune system by lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, microorganisms and parasites.

403
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
What percentage die from a reoccurring Pulmonary Embolism?

A

30%

404
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
How do you determine if a Lung Cancer is staged as Limited and Extensive?
A

Limited - Tumor Finds one side of the chest and regional lymph nodes around it

Extensive- Beyond Limited stage

405
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#23)
What is the most rapid growing NSCLC?
A

Large Cell Carcinoma

406
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions (Objective#22)
📈 What is the most frequently used Diagnostic Test for a Pulmonary Embolism, requires IV Contrast and allows for 3D visualization of all regions of the lungs?
A

Spiral (Helical) CT Scan

407
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬 What are the risk factors / triggers for asthma?

A 
▪️Genetics - Inherited component is complex
▪️Immune Response
▪️Allergens
▪️Exercise
▪️Air Pollutants
▪️Occupational Factors
▪️Respiratory Infections
▪️Nose & Sinus Problems
▪️Drug & Food Additives 
▪️GERD
▪️Emotional Stress
▪️Aspirin Triad
408
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚💥 When teaching patients with Asthma about reading / interpreting Peak Flow Meter results, what percentage is within the "Yellow Zone"
A

50-80%

409
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚💥 When teaching patients with Asthma about reading / interpreting Peak Flow Meter results, what percentage is within the "Green Zone"?
A

> 80%

410
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
🚬💥 What is the most common risk factor / trigger for Asthma?

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

411
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #22)
💉 What hormone in the blood is produced mainly in the L. Ventricle and picks up any Ventricular volume expansion and pressure overload?

A

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

412
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
💊 Zafirlukast, Montelukast, and Zileuton are what type of drugs used for the treatment of Asthma?
A

Leukotriene Modifiers / Inhibitors

413
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚💥 When teaching patients with Asthma about reading / interpreting Peak Flow Meter results, what three color zones will you teach them about?
A

🚦Green Zone
🚦Yellow Zone
🚦Red Zone

414
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objectives 3-5)
📚 When teaching patients with Asthma about reading / interpreting Peak Flow Meter results, what information do they need to know about the "Yellow Zone"?
A

That it indicates caution and something is triggering asthma.

415
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #23)
💹 Which diagnostic test finds approximately 5% of Lung Cancers when performed for unrelated conditions?

A

Chest X-Ray

From Flashcardlet (47 decks)

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