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From Flashcardlet > (2) Exam 1- Integumentary > Flashcards

(2) Exam 1- Integumentary Flashcards

0
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Secrete sebum that prevent skin from becoming dry

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1
Q

Skin appendages

A

Hair, nails, glands

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2
Q

Increased risk for integumentary dysfunction

A

Outdoor occupations
Dehydration\malnutrition- 6 to 8 glasses of water per day. Vitamin C for one healing
Bed fast
Obesity- decreased wound healing, malnutrition, Yeast in skin folds
Casts – scratching
Radiation – redness and breakdown

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3
Q

Skin assessment

A 
Head to toe
Bony prominences
Hair nails and skin
Inspect all body hair
Care symmetric parts
Gen. inspection-> lesion specific
Metric system

Erythema , cyanosis, Pallor, jaundice-> check Scalera, conjunctiva, nailbeds, lips, buccal

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4
Q

Critical factor in assessment of skin

A

Change

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5
Q

Lesion assessment

A 
Color
Distribution
Location
Size
Odor
Shape
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6
Q

Rule to determine if malignant

A 
Asymmetric
Border irregularity
Color change
Diameter –  > 6mm (keeps increasing)
Evolving in appearance
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7
Q

Patient teaching for skin care

A 
Self exam skin monthly
Dressing change instructions
Use of topical antibiotics
S/s of infection (purulent drainage)
Manifestations of inflammation (redness, fever, increased pain or swelling)
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8
Q

Stain and culture test

A

Bacteria
Fungal
Virus

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9
Q

Patch test

A

Allergies

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10
Q

Dermatoscopy

A

Through a lighted instrument with magnification

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11
Q

Tumor staging

A

0-4
Based on time or size (thickness)
100% curable if diagnosed at stage 0
Stage 4 – treatment comes palliative

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12
Q

What is topical therapy used for

A

Immunomodulatiors (Elidel,Protopic)- helps to regulate immune system

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13
Q

What is phototherapy

A

UV Light

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14
Q

What is radiation used for

A

Malignancy

Basal and squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma

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15
Q

What is laser therapy used for

A

Birth mark lesions

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16
Q

Sweat glands

A

Apocrine- axillae, breasts, and umbilical, genitals. (becomes odorous by skin surface bacteria)

Eccrine- temperature control, excrete waste

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17
Q

Drug therapy

what are antibiotics used for

A

Bacteria or acne

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18
Q

Drug therapy

What are corticosteroids used for

A

Eczema, poison ivy, psoriasis

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19
Q

Drug therapy

What are oral antihistamines used for

A

Benadryl- itching, bug bites, poison ivy

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20
Q

Drug therapy

What is flourouracil used for

A

Chemo agent (Cream, oral, or IV)

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21
Q

Interventions for Accutane

A

Pregnancy test, liver function test, cholesterol level test, determine history of depression

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22
Q

Initial treatment of malignant melanoma

A

Surgical excision

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23
Q

The most important prognostic factor for lesions

A

Tumor thickness at time of diagnosis

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24
Q

Methods to determine thickness of tumor

A

Breslow measurement

Clark level

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25
Q

Vitamins necessary for wound healing

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Protein

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26
Q

Foods high in biotin

A

Liver, cauliflower, salmon, carrots, bananas, soy flour, cereal, yeast

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27
Q

Surgical therapy

Skin scraping

A

Potassium hydroxide (fungal)

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28
Q

Surgical therapy

Electrodesiccation and electrocoagulation

A

Burning used to obtain hemostasis and instruction of small Telangiectasias

Electrocoagulation has a deeper affect and greater possibility of scarring

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29
Q

Surgical therapy

Curettage

A

Removal by scooping

Orts, actinic keratosis, and small basil and squamous cell carcinoma

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30
Q

Surgical therapy

Punch biopsy

A

<0.5 cm

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31
Q

Surgical therapy

Cryosurgery

A

By subfreezing

Genital warts, cutaneous tags, thin sebaceous keratosis, actinic keratosis, lentigines, and nonmelanoma skin cancer’s

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32
Q

Surgical therapy

Excision

A

Deep
Mohs surgery
Removing a big section of tumor
Local Anastasia

Benefit: preserve normal tissue, smallest possible wound, and completely removing the cancer before surgical closure.

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33
Q

Nursing management

Wet dressings

A

Use when: Ising from the skin, to relieve itching, suppress inflammation, removal of scabs, and debride a wound

Not a sterile procedure

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34
Q

Nursing management

Baths

A

Aveeno and sodium bicarbonate

Lukewarm water, 15 to 20 minutes three or four times a day

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35
Q

Nursing management

Topical medications

A

Thin layer of Ointment, cream, lotion, solution, or gel

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36
Q

How to control pruritus

A

Cool environment
Systemic antihistamines
Wet dressings
Topically applied menthol, camphor, or phenol.

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37
Q

Contagious lesions

A

Impetigo, scabies, fungal infections, pediculosis

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38
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

Elevated papules

Filled with puss

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39
Q

Actinic keratosis/ Solar keratosis

A

Premalignant
Papules and plaques
Overlying hard keratotic scale or horn
Cryosurgery

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40
Q

Alopecia

A

Loss of hair

41
Q

Angioma

A

Benign red spots
Tumor with blood lymph vessels
Normal with aging, liver disease, verrucous veins

42
Q

Atrophy

A

Secondary
Thinning of skin
Scratch marks or aged skin

43
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Pearly, begins waxy
Most common skin cancer, least deadly
Malignant
Biopsy needed to confirm not melanoma

44
Q

Beau lines

A

Fingernails two different colors
Looks like a large cuticle
Due to malnutrition

45
Q

Benign neoplasm

A

Not a big deal

Skin tags, cherry angiomas, vascular lesions, actinic keratosis

46
Q

Carotenemia

A

Yellow discoloration of skin noticeable in palms and soles.
Do you do vegetables containing carotene (carrots and squash)
Sclerae is not yellow

47
Q

Comedo

A

Enlarged hair follicle
Open(blackhead)
closed(whitehead)

48
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

Allergic reaction
Constant itching
Read papules and plaques

Use corticosteroids or cornstarch

49
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue/gray or purple
Due to decreased O2
Dark skin – oral mucosal

50
Q

Cyst

A

Sac containing fluid or semisolid material

Obstruction of a duct, gland, or parasitic infection

51
Q

Dermatosis papulosa

A

Wart like papules

Common on the face

52
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer of skin
Connected tissue
Vascular
Layers – papillary (fingerprints) & reticular (strength)

53
Q

Dysplastic Nevi

A

Early sign of melanoma
>5mm
High-risk for melanoma

54
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise

55
Q

Eczema

A

Focus - prevent from scratching (breakdown leads to infection)
Chronic condition
Use- topical steroids, aveeno\cornstarch bath

56
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin
Avascular
Regenerate every 28 days
Layers – melanocytes (color of skin), keratinocytes (thickness)

57
Q

Erythema

A

Redness

Due to – heat, certain drugs, UV rays

58
Q

Excoriation

A

Secondary

Scratching

59
Q

Fissures

A

Secondary
Cracks in skin
Athletes foot or cracks at corner of the mouth

60
Q

Furuncle

A

Bacterial infection
Severe acne
Deep infection around here follicle
Painful

61
Q

Hematoma

A

Raised and blood-filled
Goose egg
Due to – trauma or bleeding disorder

62
Q

Hirsutism

A

Facial hair on women

Do two – decrease in estrogen, abnormal ovaries, or adrenal glands

63
Q

Impetigo

A 
Bacterial infection
Honey colored crust/reddish pustules
Contagious
Filled with purulent fluid
Oral or topical antibiotics
Associated with poor hygiene
64
Q

Intertrigo

A

Redness under the breasts

Breakdown of overlying services of skin

65
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow discoloration of skin do to increase Bilirubin in blood
Liver disease or bile duct obstruction
Dark skin – Scalera of eye

66
Q

Keloid

A

Enlarged scarring Area due to surgical incision or injury

67
Q

lichenification

A

Thickening of skin due to chronic scratching or rubbing

68
Q

Lipoma

A

Fatty tumor

Rubbery

69
Q

Macule

A

Primary
Flat – freckles
Vitiligo, petechiae, flat mole, measles

70
Q

Malignant melanoma

A
  • Tumor arising in melanocytes
  • Causes majority of deaths due to skin cancer
  • 10x greater in whites
71
Q

Most important prognostic factor

A

Tumor thickness

72
Q

Suspected melanoma

A

No shave biopsy, shave excised, or electrocauterization

73
Q

Nevus

A

Mole

74
Q

Nevis of Ota

A

Gray/blue birthmark located on face around eye area

75
Q

Nodule

A

Hard raised area

76
Q

Pallor

A

Pale skin

77
Q

Papule

A

Primary
Elevated solid lesion
Wary, Lipoma, Basal cell carcinoma

78
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice

79
Q

Petechiae

A 
Clustered spots
Not raised
Looks like an allergic reaction
Ruptured red blood cells
Dark skin – buccal mucosa
80
Q

Plaque

A

Primary
Psoriasis, seborrheic, actinic keratosis
Solid large area, lighter color than skin

81
Q

Pruritis

A

Itching

82
Q

Pseudofolliculitis

A

Inflammatory response after shaving too closely

83
Q

Psoriasis

A

Touch the client
Common on scalp, knees, elbows, and behind ears
Chronic condition
Treatment – steroids

84
Q

Pustule

A

Primary
Elevated
Puss filled
Acne or impetigo

85
Q

Scabies

A 
Linear Burrowing
Common and finger webs, wrists, elbows
Itching at night
Treatment – topical antipruritic ointment
Launder all linens and clothes
86
Q

Scales

A

Secondary
Caused by sunburn or medications
Peel/flaky

87
Q

Scar

A

Replaces normal skin

Surgical incision or healed wound

88
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Benign
Wartlike growth
Papules your plaques
Appearance of being stuck on

89
Q

Spoon nail

A

Check hemoglobin and hematocrit

90
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A 
At the base of other lesion
Malignant
Highly aggressive
Potential to metastasize
Assessment – Crusty, rough, thick, waxy nodule, scaly on arms and face
Biopsy needed
91
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Insulation

92
Q

Tinea pedis

A 
Athletes foot
Fungal infection
Topical antifungal cream
Keep clean and dry
Create fissures
93
Q

Telenglectasia

A

Dilated blood vessels

Common on face and thigh

94
Q

Traction Alopecia

A

Lots of hair from hair rollers/tight braids

95
Q

Tzanch smear

A

Procedure that removes fluid (Herpes)

96
Q

Ulcer

A

Secondary
Lots of epidermis extending into the dermis
Crater like
Pressure ulcers

97
Q

Vericosity

A

Varicose vein’s

98
Q

Vesicle

A

Primary
Raised and field with clear fluid
Herpes zoster, chickenpox, 2nd° burn

99
Q

Vitiligo

A

Loss of pigment

No treatment

100
Q

Wheal

A

Primary
Insect bites
Hives, bedbugs
Raised, red, round

101
Q

Lentigo

A

Benign

Liver spots or age spots

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