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From Flashcardlet > (3) Exam 3-❤️ Lecture #1- CV Assessment > Flashcards

(3) Exam 3-❤️ Lecture #1- CV Assessment Flashcards

0
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

When using the PPQRRST Method to assess pain, what does provocative mean?

A

What provokes or brings on the pain

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1
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What is PPQRRST Method used to assess?

A

Pain

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2
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

When using the PPQRRST Method to assess pain, what does palliative mean?

A

What makes the pain better or go away?

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3
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What does the PPQRRST stand for when assessing pain?

A 
Provocative 
Palliative
Quality
Region
Radiation
Severity
Timing
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4
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
🍓 What in a patients diet increases vascular volume which if increased too much can lead to heart failure because the heart is having a hard time pumping?

A

Salt

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5
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

🍓 Fiber in the diet is encouraged to prevent constipation but fiber also reduces what?

A

Cholesterol Levels

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6
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

🍓 What in the diet can increase Coronary Artery Disease or Peripheral Vascular Disease?

A

Fat

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7
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Bearing down has what type of effect that↓the HR?

A

Parasympathetic effect

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8
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Waking suddenly with SOB can be a sign of what CV disorder?

A

L. Sided Heart Failure

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9
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What is it called when a patient cant lay flat in a bed and breath comfortably?

A

Orthopnea

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10
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😰 Orthopnea commonly goes along with what CV disorder?

A

Heart Failure

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11
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
When blood is not being pushed out of the heart or circulating adequately, fluid from blood leaks out of what structure and into the lungs causing Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea?

A

Capillaries

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12
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😷 How is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea corrected?

A

Fixed when patient sits upright.

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13
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

💊 What medication can cause erectile dysfunction?

A

Beta Blockers

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14
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😰 Jugular Vein Distention is an indication of what CV disorder?

A

R. Sided Heart Failure

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15
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😰 Dizziness or fainting could be a sign of what CV disorder?

A

Dysrhythmias

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16
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😰 When assessing for Jugular Vein Distention, the HOB should be at what degree?

A

35-40 degree angle

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17
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😰 Jugular Vein Distention greater than what size above the clavicle may be considered abnormal?

A

> 0.5 inches.

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18
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Why shouldn’t Jugular Vein Distention be assessed when the patient is in the supine position?

A

Everyones Jugular Vein is distended when laying down.

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19
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What type of cyanosis tells about circulation to the whole body and is found in the mucus membranes?

A

Central Cyanosis

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20
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Inspection for what type of cyanosis determines the circulation to a certain area or extremity?

A

Peripheral Cyanosis

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21
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Hemorrhages under the finger nails caused by Endocarditis is known as what?

A

Splinter Hemorrhages

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22
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😰 With Dependent Rubor, what characteristic is present when the extremity is elevated?

A

Extremity is pale

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23
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😰 With Dependent Rubor, what characteristic is present when the extremity is dependent / down?

A

Extremity is Red

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24
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Dependent Rubor is usually caused by what disease due to build up of plaque?

A

Peripheral Artery Disease

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25
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

A combination of pallor and cyanosis is known as what?

A

Mottling

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26
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Inspection of what veins can be an indication for the condition of valves?

A

Varicose Veins

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27
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What is Pulsus Alternans?

A

Strength of pulse alters

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28
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Palpation of what is described as a vibration or feeling of bees under the skin?

A

Thrill

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29
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What is felt over a fistula?

A

A thrill

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30
Q 
Assessment of Cardiovascular System
The PMI (Point of Maximum Impulse) is located where what pulse is felt?
A

Where apical (mitral) pulse if felt (Midclavicular)

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31
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

♿️ What could it mean if PMI is shifted to the left instead of midclavicular?

A

Heart is enlarging

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32
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What pulse is auscultated at the right sternal border and second intercostal space?

A

Aortic

33
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What pulse is auscultated at the left sternal border and second intercostal space?

A

Pulmonic

34
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What pulse is auscultated just below the pulmonic area at the left sternal boarder and third intercostal space?

A

Erb’s

35
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What pulse is auscultated at the left sternal border and fifth intercostal space?

A

Tricuspid

36
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What pulse is auscultated at the mid-clavicular line and fifth intercostal space?

A

Mitral (PMI)

37
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Where would dependent edema be found if a patient is on bed-rest?

A

Sacrum / back area.

38
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

If capillary refill is >2 seconds it could mean that there is massive vasoconstriction and that blood is trapped where?

A

Blood is trapped in that extremity

39
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Pulse deficits are often caused by what CV disorder?

A

Dysrhythmias

40
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

What sound should be heard when auscultating an artery?

A

Silent. Shouldn’t hear a sound

41
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

A swishy sound heard over any artery is known as what?

A

Bruit

42
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Murmurs are commonly caused by what type of disorders?

A

Valve Disorders

43
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

If the patient has a congenital anomaly, what sound may be auscultated?

A

Cardiac Murmur

44
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
What sound is heard when there is inflammation of pericardium and heart muscle and is described as scratchy / fingernail file sound?

A

Pericardial Friction Rub

45
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

S3 heard after S2 is associated with and usually indicates what CV disorder?

A

L. Sided Heart Failure

46
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

S4 heard before S1 usually indicates what CV disorder?

A

L. Ventricular Hypertrophy

47
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What cardiac biomarker is known as the gold standard for heart attack diagnosis?

A

Troponin

48
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

After a heart attack, dead cells break open and release what protein?

A

troponin

49
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 Troponin rises within how many hours after the injury?

A

4-6 hours

50
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 Troponin levels can be detected for up to how many days?

A

10-14 days

51
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 Elevated C-Reactive Protein is an indicator for inflammation and a risk factor for what CV disorder?

A

Coronary Artery Disease

52
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 Elevated homocysteine blood levels increase the risk for CAD, PAD, and stroke and are related to what deficiencies?

A

Hereditary or Vitamin

53
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 Elevated BNP levels signify what CV disorder?

A

Heart Failure

54
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What cardiac biomarker is specific to the heart muscle and can only be detected 3-48 hours after damage to the heart?

A

CK-MB

55
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What does BNP trigger the kidneys to do that reduces preload?

A

Excrete salt and water

56
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 When diastolic pressure rises on the heart due to it being stretched, what cardiac natriuretic peptide marker is released to decrease the pressure?

A

BNP

57
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Cholesterol comes from the food we eat and is also made by what body organ?

A

Liver

58
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What lipoprotein is the main storage form for fat?

A

Triglycerides

59
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

Lipids must bind to what to circulate in the blood?

A

Protein

60
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 An increase in what cholesterol is a risk factor for CVD?

A

LDL

61
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What do you generally want the total cholesterol to be less than?

A

< 200

62
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What Cholesterol to HDL ratio increases the risk for CVD?

A

> 5

63
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 What is usually indicated if a Chest X-Ray reveals that the diameter of the heart is greater than 1/2 of the distance of the diameter of the thorax?

A

Cardiac Enlargement

64
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What type of ECG monitoring is used for continuous recording to try and catch a dysrhythmia?

A

Holter

65
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📚 When using a Holter monitor, what is the patient instructed to do when symptoms occur?

A

Write down date and time in a journal

66
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What does an exercise or stress test screen for?

A

CAD

67
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 What test is done if a stress test is positive or if symptoms are suspicious with negative results?

A

Cardiac Catheterization

68
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 An Echocardiogram is an ultrasound that is normally a noninvasive diagnostic test that screens for CAD by measuring what?

A

Ejection Fraction

69
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 What diagnostic study is an ultrasound of moving images of the structure of the heart that can be given with or without contrast?

A

Echocardiogram

70
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 Echocardiograms measure what which is the percent of blood that is ejected when the ventricles contract with each heartbeat?

A

Ejection Fraction

71
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 At what ejection fraction percentage is there an interference with adequate or effective ejection of blood.

A

< 50%

72
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 Ejection Fraction is similar to what measurement but instead of L/min, its measured in a percentage?

A

Cardiac Output

73
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😷 Because a Transeposphageal Echo (TEE) requires swallowing a tube, how long should a patient be NPO prior?

A

6 hours

74
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

😷 What does the nurse want to assess for after a Transesophageal Echo (TEE)?

A

Gag reflex and that the patient can swallow

75
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 With what diagnostic study can you see the structure of the heart and if there are any blood clots in the chambers of the heart?

A

Transesophageal Echo (TEE)

76
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 Cardiac Computed Tomography CT Angiography views the coronary arteries and is looking for what kind of deposits?

A

Calcium

77
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 With what diagnostic imaging study does a catheter go through the blood vessel to the heart and looked at through X-Ray technology to measure the pressure in the heart?

A

Cardiac Catheterization

78
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System
📈 What diagnostic imaging study uses contrast to identify and measure coronary artery blockages if the patient has a positive stress test?

A

Coronary Angiography

79
Q

Assessment of Cardiovascular System

📈 With a Electrophysiology Study the patient is sedated and a catheter is placed in the heart to look for what disorder?

A

Dysrhythmias

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