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From Flashcardlet > (3) Exam 3-❤️ Lecture #1- CV Structure > Flashcards

(3) Exam 3-❤️ Lecture #1- CV Structure Flashcards

0
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Veins bring blood in which direction in relation to the heart?

A

Brings blood back to the heart

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1
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What ventricle is 2-3 thicker and works against gravity to get blood back to opposite side of the heart?

A

Left Ventricle

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2
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Arteries bring blood in which direction in relation to the heart?

A

Brings blood away from the heart

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3
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

A clot in what blood flow system will cause a Pulmonary Embolism?

A

Venus System

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4
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What controls blood flow and makes sure it flows in one direction?

A

Valves

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5
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What two valves are semilunar valves and close simultaneously?

A

Aortic & Pulmonic

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6
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Blockage of what artery is often called the “widow maker”?

A

Left Coronary Artery

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7
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System
💥Used blood from the heart muscle goes into the venous system and drains back into what area of the heart where other de-oxygenated blood is collected?

A

Right Atrium

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8
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is known as the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA Node

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9
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Rapid exchange of what generates electrical activity of the heart.

A

Electrolytes

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10
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Systole reading of a BP is the results of what contraction?

A

Ventricles

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11
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is known as relaxation of the myocardium and allows for filling of the ventricles?

A

Diastole

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12
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is known as the amount of blood ejected with each heart beat?

A

Stroke Volume

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13
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What type of catheter can measure Stroke Volume?

A

Pulmonary Artery Catheter

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14
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

How many mL of blood is ejected from the L. Ventricle with each beat?

A

70-100 mL

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15
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is the measure of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute?

A

Cardiac Output

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16
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is the normal range for Cardiac Output?

A

4-8 L/min

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17
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What measures how good the body is getting circulation and how well its being oxygenated?

A

Cardiac Output

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18
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

😰 What is the earliest indicator of poor cardiac output?

A

Mental Confusion

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19
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

In what way does cardiac index differ from cardiac output?

A

Cardiac Index is normalized to body size

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20
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is measured at the end of diastole when the heart is at its fullest and the ventricles are relaxed?

A

Preload

21
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is known as the peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump?

A

Afterload

22
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What happens to the cardiac output and stroke volume if there is increased resistance with afterload?

A

CO and SV are reduced

23
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

💊 What drug therapy can be given to increase afterload?

A

Vasodilators

24
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

As a response to the sympathetic nervous system, what happens to capillaries when there is decreased cardiac output?

A

Vasoconstriction and shut down

25
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System
When capillaries vasoconstrict due to decreased CO, blood traveling from the heart to arteries system shunts directly over to the venous system using what channel?

A

Thoroughfare Channel

26
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

When capillaries vasoconstrict due to decreased cardiac output, what does not occur at the tissue level?

A

oxygenation or removal of CO2

27
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

😰 What clinical manifestations are present when the capillaries aren’t getting blood flow?

A

Cold

Clammy

28
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is the major difference between veins and arteries?

A

Veins have valves to push the blood back up

29
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What autonomic nervous system regulator increases HR and contractility?

A

Sympathetic

30
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Vasoconstriction occurs with what Autonomic Nervous System regulator?

A

Sympathetic

31
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What Autonomic Nervous System regulator slows HR and decreases heart strength?

A

Parasympathetic

32
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What cranial nerve is the primary nerve of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

Vagus Nerve

33
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System
What regulator of the CV system responds to vessel pressures (Slows HR with high BP and Increases BP & HR when BP is low)?

A

Baroreceptors

34
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What do Chemoreceptors respond to?

A

CO2 levels

35
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

How do Chemoreceptors respond to high CO2?

A

Raises RR and BP to get rid of CO2

36
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What turns into acid in the blood making the body want to naturally become acidotic?

A

CO2

37
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

If you can hear a radial pulse, you know that the Systolic Blood Pressure is at least what?

A

60

38
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is the CO x SVR (systemic vascular resistance / afterload)?

A

BP

39
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

If the BP cuff is too small, what results will occur?

A

Artificially too high

40
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What formula is used to determine the Pulse Pressure?

A

SBP-DBP = PP

41
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is the pulse pressure for BP 134/78

A

PP= 56

42
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is essential to maintain organ perfusion in most cases?

A

MAP of 60 or greater

43
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What will happen to vital organs if the MAP is <60 and vital organs are under-perfused?

A

Will become ischemic

44
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular changes are not sudden but happen over a lifetime as a result of what?

A

Aging
Disease
Environmental Factors
Lifetime Behaviors

45
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What happens to heart valves as a result of increased collagen and decreased elastin due to age related changes?

A

Thick and Stiff

46
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System
In older adults, what Sympathetic Nervous System receptor in the heart is not able to stimulate the heart in the same way as it did when they were younger?

A

Beta Receptor

47
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What receptors make blood vessels constrict and dilate?

A

Alpha Receptors

48
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

What is postprandial?

A

After Meals

49
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System

Pulse Pressure increases in older adults due to what BP changes?

A

↑ SBP & a↓or unchanged DBP

50
Q

Structure & Functions of Cardiovascular System
What occurs due to blood cooling in the lower extremities and incompetent venous valves that make blood return to R. side of the heart more difficult?

A

Edema

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